Editing Snohomish, Washington (section)

==History==

The [[Snohomish River|Snohomish River Valley]] was originally inhabited by the [[Snohomish people]], a [[Coast Salish]] tribe who lived between [[Port Gardner Bay]] and modern-day [[Monroe, Washington|Monroe]].<ref name="Ruby">{{cite book |last1=Ruby |first1=Robert H. |last2=Brown |first2=John A. |year=1992 |title=A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest |pages=212–213 |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |location=Norman, Oklahoma |isbn=0-8061-2479-2 |oclc=260150606 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7zBc-pqnGsC |via=Google Books |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref><!--<ref>{{cite book |last=Tweddell |first=Colin E. |year=1953 |title=A historical and ethnological study of the Snohomish Indian people |oclc=15789160}}</ref>--> An [[archaeological site]] near the confluence of the Snohomish and Pilchuck Rivers has indications of human habitation that began as early as 8,000 [[years before present]].<ref name="HistoryLink">{{cite web |last=Blake |first=Warner |date=March 10, 2008 |title=Snohomish — Thumbnail History |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/8508 |work=[[HistoryLink]] |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref> A village, ''sbadaʔɬ'', was at the site of the modern-day city that now bears the tribe's name.<ref>{{cite web |title=sdaʔdaʔ gʷəɬ dibəɬ dxʷləšucid ʔaciɬtalbixʷ |trans-title=Puget Sound Geographical names |url=https://tulaliplushootseed.com/places/ |publisher=Tulalip Lushootseed Department |accessdate=February 10, 2025}}</ref> The Snohomish had contact with white explorers in the early 19th century, with their name recorded as "Sinnahamis" by John Work of the [[Hudson's Bay Company]], among the first to also use the name to describe the river.<ref name="Meany1923">{{cite journal |last=Meany |first=Edmond S. |author-link=Edmond S. Meany |date=April 1922 |title=Origin of Washington Geographic Names |page=279<!--126 on JSTOR--> |journal=[[The Washington Historical Quarterly]] |volume=13 |issue=2 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |oclc=1963675 |jstor=40428381 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001444300 |via=[[HathiTrust]] |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref> The Snohomish were signatories of the [[Point Elliott Treaty]] in 1855, which relocated the tribe to the [[Tulalip Indian Reservation]].<ref name="Ruby"/>

In the early 1850s, the [[Territory of Washington|territorial government]] planned to construct a [[military road]] connecting [[Fort Steilacoom]] to [[Fort Bellingham]], with a [[ferry]] crossing of the Snohomish River at Kwehtlamanish, a winter village of the Snohomish people.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="Whitfield">{{cite book |last=Whitfield |first=William M. |year=1926 |title=History of Snohomish County, Washington |publisher=Pioneer Historical Publishing Company |location=Chicago |pages=214–226 |oclc=8437390 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102122401 |via=[[HathiTrust]] |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref> The road, proposed in the wake of the [[Pig War (1859)|Pig War]], was intended to be built far enough inland to be safe from British naval attacks.{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}} The confluence of the Snohomish and Pilchuck rivers, located near Kwehtlamanish, was sought by several American settlers from [[Steilacoom, Washington|Steilacoom]] who arrived in 1859 to file homestead claims. [[E. F. Cady|Edson F. Cady]] and Heil Barnes, representing carpenter [[Emory C. Ferguson]], settled near the proposed ferry landing, while Egbert H. Tucker filed a claim for a plot on the other side of the Snohomish River.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Haglund |first=Noah |date=January 16, 2011 |title=In its infancy, Snohomish County was land of power plays<!--print title--> |url=https://www.heraldnet.com/news/story-of-a-young-county/ |work=The Everett Herald |access-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref> The settlement was originally known as "Cadyville" and changed its name to Snohomish City in 1871. The name ''Snohomish'' comes from the name of the dominant local Native American tribe "[[Snohomish (tribe)|sdoh-doh-hohbsh]]" ({{IPA|sal|sduhúbʃ|}}), whose meaning is widely disputed.

Although the military road was never completed, Snohomish quickly became a center of commerce in the expanding region. In 1861, [[Snohomish County, Washington|Snohomish County]] separated from [[Island County, Washington|Island County]] and the Village of Snohomish was voted the [[county seat]].<ref name=then-and-now>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofsnohomish.com/Pages/ThenandNow.asp |access-date  = August 15, 2007 |title=History Information |publisher=City of Snohomish |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007013824/http://www.cityofsnohomish.com/Pages/ThenandNow.asp |archive-date = October 7, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The first school in the settlement was organized in 1867 or 1867.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} The first train on the [[Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway]] arrived in Snohomish on July 16, 1888.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pettersen |first=Alvin B. |date=December 8, 1964 |title=Early Railroad Pioneers Had to Have Vision |page=1B |work=The Everett Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-herald-early-railroad-pioneers/164888288/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=April 13, 2025}}</ref> Snohomish was incorporated as a town in 1888 and re-incorporated as a city in 1890 after Washington had achieved statehood.<ref>{{cite web |last=Blake |first=Warner |date=November 30, 2011 |title=Snohomish: Historic Downtown Tour |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/9961 |work=HistoryLink |access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> The first class graduated from [[Snohomish High School]] in 1894. The city lost its status as county seat in 1897, when the government relocated to the larger, yet much newer neighboring city of [[Everett, Washington|Everett]] after a controversial and contested county-wide vote.<ref name=then-and-now/>

[[Image:Steamer Marguerite at Snohomish, circa 1907.jpg|thumb|left|The steamboat ''Marguerite'' at Snohomish, Washington, sometime before May 24, 1907]]

By 1899, Snohomish had 2,000 residents, 25 businesses, and 80 homes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snohomishhistoricalsociety.org/teaching.htm|access-date= August 15, 2007 |title=Teaching materials |publisher=Snohomish Historical Society|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929155300/http://www.snohomishhistoricalsociety.org/teaching.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = September 29, 2007}}</ref> After First Street was paved with brick in 1903, a three-day celebration was held by residents to mark the occasion.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} The city's first [[public library]] was opened in 1910 with funds from industrialist [[Andrew Carnegie]]; the [[Snohomish Carnegie Building]], the oldest public building in the city, remained in use as a library until it was replaced by a modern building at a different site in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blake |first1=Warner |title=Carnegie Library Building, 1910-2010 |url=http://www.snohomishthenandnow.org/2010/05/carnegie-library-building-1910-2010/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105221/http://www.snohomishthenandnow.org/2010/05/carnegie-library-building-1910-2010/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |website=[[Snohomish County Tribune]] republished at Snohomish, Then and Now|access-date=March 27, 2015 |quote=In 1901, the club purchased an old residence on the present site of the Carnegie and the famous Emma Patric was appointed the first librarian. [...]The formal opening was reported in the May 27, 1910, issue of the Tribune.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nohara |first1=Yoshiaki |title=Restoration for Snohomish's Carnegie Building? |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20080624/NEWS01/789147804|access-date=March 27, 2015 |work=The Herald of Everett, Washington |date=June 24, 2008 |quote=What makes the Carnegie Building unique is that it's the oldest public building in the city, said Larry Bauman, city manager.}}</ref> On May 30, 1911, a major fire struck First Street and destroyed one block of buildings between Avenues B and C, affecting 35 businesses. It caused $170,000 in damage and prompted much of downtown to be rebuilt with brick.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dominguez |first=Alejandro |date=May 30, 2011 |title=The Great Fire of 1911 |url=https://www.heraldnet.com/news/the-great-fire-of-1911/ |work=The Everett Herald |accessdate=May 18, 2024}}</ref> The population of Snohomish grew to over 3,000 in 1920 and remained relatively stable for the next 40 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.snohomish.wa.us/HistoryDevelopment.htm |access-date  = August 15, 2007 |title=Historical Development of Snohomish |publisher=City of Snohomish |url-status     = dead |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130915174557/http://www.ci.snohomish.wa.us/HistoryDevelopment.htm |archive-date = September 15, 2013}}</ref> The city was connected to Everett by an [[Everett–Snohomish Interurban|interurban railway]] that ceased operations in 1921 after a trestle was damaged during a major flood.

The [[Great Depression]] was not acutely felt in Snohomish due to its primarily agrarian economy. One of the area's largest employers, the Bickford Ford [[car dealership]], was founded in 1934 and flourished. The 1930s brought Snohomish national notice as the hometown of baseball star [[Earl Averill]], the first Washingtonian elected to the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]]. Averill played from 1929 to 1941, mostly with the [[Cleveland Indians]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/submit/Ripp_Bart5.stm |access-date  = August 15, 2007 |title=Earl Averill Was Snohomish's Rock of Ages |last=Ripp |first=Bart |publisher=BaseballLibrary.com |url-status     = dead |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930211740/http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/submit/Ripp_Bart5.stm |archive-date = September 30, 2007}}</ref> An airport, named [[Harvey Airfield]], was built south of downtown Snohomish by a local family and remains privately operated.<ref name="HistoryLink"/>

[[File:Snohomish, WA - former Alcazar Opera House 02.jpg|thumb|right|The Alcazar Opera House, built in 1892, later became an [[agricultural supply store]] and is now one of Snohomish's many antiques stores.]]

By the 1960s, Snohomish had entered a period of [[urban decay]] and investigated potential [[urban renewal]] plans to revitalize downtown. A plan presented in 1965 to demolish the south side of First Street and remodel existing buildings was opposed by residents and ultimately not realized due to a lack of funding.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snohomishhds.com/ |access-date  = August 14, 2007 |title=Historic Downtown Snohomish |publisher=Snohomish Chamber of Commerce |url-status     = dead |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927161229/http://www.snohomishhds.com/ |archive-date = September 27, 2007}}</ref> Several abandoned buildings on the south side were demolished for a riverfront park, while the city began annexing areas to the north of downtown Snohomish.<ref name="HistoryLink"/> In 1973, the city established a 26-block [[historic district]] and adopted design ordinances to retain historic buildings and encourage new construction in the same style. The Snohomish Historic Business District was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1974.<ref name="HistoryLink"/> Larger stores moved away from First Street into newer developments and strip malls that spread out along Second Street and Avenue D.

In 1974 the Seattle-Snohomish mill was gutted by fire and rebuilt by its owners. In 1975 a severe flood struck the area, damaging over 300 homes and killing 3,500 head of [[livestock]], but the community rallied to support those who were affected. In 1985, [[U.S. Route 2]] was rerouted around Snohomish on a [[bypass (road)|bypass]], which relieved downtown of chronic traffic congestion. In the 1990s, First Street was redeveloped to encourage tourism to the historic district. Sidewalks were rebuilt and public restrooms added, while the city hall and police station were moved away from First Street.