Editing Sitting Bull (section)

==Early life==
Sitting Bull was born on land later included in the [[Dakota Territory]] sometime between 1831 and 1837.<ref name="pbs">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sittingbull.htm |title=PBS: The West: Sitting Bull |website=[[PBS]] |access-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-date=August 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830122040/http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sittingbull.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Utley |first=Robert |title=Sitting Bull: The Life and Times of an American Patriot |year=2008 |publisher=Holt Paperbacks |isbn=978-0805088304 |page=22 }}</ref> In 2007, Sitting Bull's great-grandson asserted from family [[oral tradition]] that Sitting Bull was born along the [[Yellowstone River]], south of present-day [[Miles City, Montana]].<ref name=birth>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/heritage/200711-sittingbull.html?c=y&page=3 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130419111153/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/specialsections/heritage/200711-sittingbull.html?c=y&page=3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 19, 2013 |author=Blumberg, Jess |title=Sitting Bull's Legacy |magazine=Smithsonian |date=October 31, 2007 |access-date=October 4, 2011 }}</ref> He was named Ȟoká Psíče (Jumping Badger) at birth, and nicknamed ''Húŋkešni'' {{IPA|sio|ˈhʊ̃kɛʃni|}} or "Slow", an allusion to his careful and unhurried nature.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3771.html |title=United States History: Sitting Bull. |access-date=January 30, 2012 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902070933/http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3771.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

When Sitting Bull was 14 years old, he accompanied a group of [[Lakota people|Lakota]] warriors, which included his father and his uncle Four Horns, in a raiding party to take horses from a camp of [[Crow Nation|Crow]] warriors. He displayed bravery by riding forward and [[counting coup]] on one of the surprised Crow, which was witnessed by the other mounted Lakota. Upon returning to camp, his father gave a celebratory feast at which he conferred his own name upon his son. The name, Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake, in the [[Lakota language]], roughly translates to "Buffalo Bull Who Sits Down", but Americans commonly refer to him as "Sitting Bull".<ref name="naming">{{cite book |author=LaPointe, Ernie |title=Sitting Bull: His Life and Legacy |publisher=Gibbs Smith |year=2009 |pages=16 }}</ref> Thereafter, Sitting Bull's father was known as Jumping Bull. At this ceremony before the entire band, Sitting Bull's father presented his son with an [[Eagle dance#Eagle feathers|eagle feather]] to wear in his hair, a warrior's horse, and a hardened buffalo hide shield to mark his son's [[Rite of passage|passage into manhood]] as a Lakota warrior.<ref name= naming/>

During the [[Dakota War of 1862]], in which Sitting Bull's people were not involved,<ref name= pbs /> several bands of eastern [[Dakota people]] killed an estimated 300 to 800 settlers and soldiers in south-central [[Minnesota]] in response to poor treatment by the government and in an effort to drive the whites away. Despite being embroiled in the [[American Civil War]], the [[United States Army]] retaliated in 1863 and 1864, even against bands that had not been involved in the hostilities.<ref name="NPS">{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/thro/historyculture/the-us-army-and-the-sioux.htm |title=The US Army and the Sioux |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=February 19, 2011 |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629031510/http://www.nps.gov/thro/historyculture/the-us-army-and-the-sioux.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1864, two brigades of about 2200 soldiers under Brigadier General [[Alfred Sully]] [[Battle of Killdeer Mountain|attacked a village]]. The defenders were led by Sitting Bull, [[Gall (Native American leader)|Gall]] and [[Inkpaduta]].<ref name="NPS"/> The Lakota and Dakota were driven out, but skirmishing continued into August at the [[Battle of the Badlands]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/thro/historyculture/the-us-army-and-the-sioux-part-2.htm |title=The US Army and the Sioux - Part 2: Battle of the Badlands |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=April 7, 2012 |archive-date=April 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412165839/http://www.nps.gov/thro/historyculture/the-us-army-and-the-sioux-part-2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Clodfelter2006">{{cite book |first=Micheal D. |last=Clodfelter |title=The Dakota War: The United States Army Versus the Sioux, 1862-1865 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Sa5U8aAyA0C&pg=PP10 |access-date=April 7, 2012 |date=February 28, 2006 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-2726-0 |page=178 |archive-date=May 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531001138/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Sa5U8aAyA0C&pg=PP10 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September, Sitting Bull and about one hundred [[Hunkpapa Lakota]] encountered a small party near what is now [[Marmarth, North Dakota]]. They had been left behind by a [[wagon train]] commanded by Captain [[James L. Fisk]] to effect some repairs to an overturned wagon. When he led an attack, Sitting Bull was shot in the left hip by a soldier.<ref name="NPS"/> The bullet exited through the small of his back, and the wound was not serious.<ref>{{cite book |title=Sitting Bull, Champion of the Sioux: A Biography |last=Vestal |first=Stanley |year=1989 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=0-8061-2219-6 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QvrzJJcUNsUC&q=Sitting+Bull+1864&pg=PA64 |access-date=February 19, 2011 |archive-date=May 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531001107/https://books.google.com/books?id=QvrzJJcUNsUC&q=Sitting+Bull+1864&pg=PA64 |url-status=live }}</ref>