Editing Shorewood, Wisconsin (section)

==History==
In the early 19th century when the first white settlers arrived, the Shorewood area was controlled by Native Americans, including the [[Menominee]], [[Potawatomi]], and [[Sauk people]]. The United States Federal Government traded the land from the Menominee people in 1832 through the ''[[Treaty of Washington, with Menominee (1831)|Treaty of Washington]]''.<ref name="Encyclopedia">{{cite web|title=Encyclopedia of Milwaukee: Shorewood |url=https://emke.uwm.edu/entry/shorewood/#_ftn2-entry |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee|access-date=June 22, 2021}}</ref><ref name="history">{{cite web|title=Shorewood Wisconsin Historical Society|url=http://www.shorewoodhistory.org/history/|access-date=December 22, 2020|website=www.shorewoodhistory.org}}</ref>

The land was organized as part of the [[Milwaukee (town), Wisconsin|Town of Milwaukee]] in 1835,<ref>{{cite web|title=Encyclopedia of Milwaukee: Milwaukee County |url=https://emke.uwm.edu/entry/milwaukee-county/ |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee|access-date=June 22, 2021}}</ref> and when settlers arrived in the mid-1830s, they found the area to be heavily forested. They built two sawmills on the east bank of the Milwaukee River, and the unincorporated community around the sawmills was known as Mechanicsville.<ref name="history"/> However, the mills' success was short-lived; both closed during the [[Panic of 1837]]. Thomas Bare, the area's first permanent white settler, arrived in 1841 and purchased ninety acres of farmland east of the Milwaukee River.<ref name="Encyclopedia"/> Around 1850, another unincorporated community known as Humboldt was settled in the area. Humboldt's industrial base included a paper mill and a grist mill.<ref name="history"/>

Beginning in the 1870s, the area's economy began to diversify. In 1873, the Northwestern Union Railway laid tracks through present-day Shorewood along the eastern bank of the Milwaukee River. The railroad was a boon for local businesses, including the Milwaukee Cement Company, which began quarrying limestone on the bluffs above the river in 1876. The community that grew around the company was known as Cementville<ref name="history"/> and prospered until quarrying operations ceased in 1909.<ref name="Encyclopedia"/>

In 1872, a resort called Lueddemann's-on-the-River opened in the southwestern part of present-day Shorewood. Accessible by riverboat and later by train, the resort was the first of several beer gardens and amusement parks that operated in the area between the 1872 and 1916. Coney Island, an amusement park that opened in 1900, proved to be particularly controversial and played a significant role in Shorewood's incorporation as a village. The park included loud music, electric lights, and a roller coaster. Some town residents were opposed to the noise, light pollution, and raucous visitors coming from the City of Milwaukee on the newly constructed [[The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company|Milwaukee Electric Railway]] streetcar lines. Some blamed the Town of Milwaukee, which collected licensing fees from the park and allowed it to operate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wisconsin Historical Marker 446: Lueddemann's-On-The-River |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=30250 |publisher=Historical Marker Database |access-date=June 22, 2021}}</ref> Additionally, the roads in the community were of poor quality compared with those in the neighboring city of Milwaukee, and residents were unhappy that tax revenue from the [[Streetcar suburb|increasingly suburban]] Shorewood area—including the taxes from Coney Island—were being redistributed across the town rather than being used to increase their standard of living. In response, residents voted to incorporate as the Village of East Milwaukee. At the time of incorporation in August 1900, the village had a population of 300.<ref name="history"/>

[[File:Thomas Bossert House May09.jpg|left|thumb|The [[National Register of Historic Places|NRHP]]-listed Thomas Bossert House is one of several [[Ernest Flagg|Flagg-system]] houses in Shorewood that date to the mid-1920s.<ref>{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=85002018}}|title=Intensive Survey Form: Thomas Bossert home|publisher=State Historical Society of Wisconsin|author=Virginia A. Palmer|date=May 27, 1985|access-date=September 19, 2018}} With {{NRHP url|id=85002018|photos=y|title=two photos}}</ref>]]

In the early 1900s, the village developed as a [[streetcar suburb]] of Milwaukee, with public transportation allowing residents to easily commute to the city. The village's center emerged along the streetcar lines on Oakland Avenue and Atwater Road (now known as Capitol Drive). Additionally, affluent Milwaukeeans began building mansions in the eastern part of the village along Lake Drive and the bluff overlooking Lake Michigan.<ref name="Encyclopedia"/> The population grew to 1,255 by 1913, and in the 1910s municipal improvements included paved roads and sidewalks, gas mains, and street signs.<ref name="history"/> The Village of East Milwaukee changed its name to the Village of Shorewood in 1917.<ref name="Encyclopedia"/>

Shorewood saw significant growth in the 1920s, with the population quadrupling from 2,650 residents in 1920 to 13,479 in 1930. During the decade, as many as 200 new homes were constructed per year in the village, including work by [[Alexander C. Eschweiler]] and [[Ernest Flagg|Flagg-system]] homes constructed by [[Arnold F. Meyer & Co.]]<ref name="Encyclopedia"/> The architect [[Russell Barr Williamson]], who worked for [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] from 1914 to 1917, designed at least 16 homes in Shorewood between 1918 and 1929.<ref>Williamson, Jr., Russell Barr. Russell Barr Williamson Architect - A
Collection. The Barr Brand, 2000.</ref>  As the village population swelled, local municipal institutions became more organized. The village's health department organized in 1918; the police department, in 1920; and the fire department, in 1929. In 1928, the village's elected board of trustees hired a full-time [[City manager|village manager]] to head the village's day-to-day operations, and Shorewood has had a [[council–manager government]] ever since.<ref name="history"/> Shorewood's school district also grew in the 1920s and was influenced by the ideas of philosopher [[John Dewey]].<ref name="Encyclopedia"/>

The village's historical population reached its zenith after [[World War II]], with over 16,000 residents. The community underwent [[urban renewal]] projects beginning in the 1960s, but the population has slowly declined to approximately 13,000 as of 2010.<ref name="Encyclopedia"/>