Editing Shivaji (section)

== Early life ==
{{Main|Early life of Shivaji}}
{{See also|Bhonsle#origin}}Shivaji was born in the hill-fort of [[Shivneri]], near [[Junnar]], which is now in [[Pune district]]. Scholars disagree on his date of birth; the [[Government of Maharashtra]] lists 19 February as a holiday commemorating Shivaji's birth ([[Shiv Jayanti|Shivaji Jayanti]]).{{efn|Based on multiple committees of historians and experts, the Government of Maharashtra accepts 19 February 1630 as his birthdate. This [[Julian calendar]] date  of that period (1 March 1630 of today's [[Gregorian calendar]]) corresponds<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Mohan |last1=Apte |first2=Parag |last2=Mahajani |first3=M. N. |last3=Vahia|title=Possible errors in historical dates|journal=Current Science|volume=84|issue=1|page=21|date =January 2003|url=http://www.tifr.res.in/~vahia/shivaji.pdf}}</ref> to the [[Hindu calendar]] birth date from contemporary records.<ref>{{cite book|first=A. R. |last=Kulkarni|title=Jedhe Shakavali Kareena|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003539370|date=2007|publisher=Diamond Publications|isbn=978-81-89959-35-7|page=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Kavindra Parmanand Nevaskar|title=Shri Shivbharat|url=https://archive.org/details/ShriShivbharat|date=1927|publisher=Sadashiv Mahadev Divekar|page=[https://archive.org/details/ShriShivbharat/page/n140 51]}}</ref><ref name="ApteParanjpe1927">{{cite book|author=D.V Apte and M.R. Paranjpe|title=Birth-Date of Shivaji|url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/32857|date=1927|publisher=The Maharashtra Publishing House|pages=6–17}}</ref> Other suggested dates include 6 April 1627 or dates near this day.<ref name="Sib_Pada">{{cite book|title=Historians and historiography in modern India|author=Siba Pada Sen|publisher=Institute of Historical Studies|year=1973|isbn=978-81-208-0900-0|page=106}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| title = History of India | author = N. Jayapalan| publisher = Atlantic Publishers & Distri| year = 2001 | isbn = 978-81-7156-928-1| page = 211}}</ref>}}<ref name="sen2">{{cite book |author=Sailendra Sen|title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=196–199}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Public Holidays|url=https://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/HolidayList-2016.pdf|website=maharashtra.gov.in|access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref> Shivaji was named after a local deity, the [[Devi|Goddess]] Shivai Devi.<!-- "Shivai Devi" not Shiva -->{{sfn|Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times|1920|p=19}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laine |first1=James W. |title=Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-972643-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__pQEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |language=en}}</ref>

Shivaji belonged to a [[Maratha]] family of the [[Bhonsle]] clan.<ref name="Kulkarni1963" /> Shivaji's father, [[Shahaji Bhonsle]], was a [[Maratha]] general who served the [[Deccan Sultanates]].<ref name="Eaton2005">{{cite book|author=Richard M. Eaton|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761: Eight Indian Lives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNNgdBWoYKoC&pg=PA128|volume=1|date=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25484-7|pages=128–221}}</ref> His mother was [[Jijabai]], the daughter of [[Lakhuji Jadhavrao]] of [[Sindhkhed]], a Mughal-aligned [[sardar]] claiming descent from a [[Yadava]] royal family of [[Devagiri]].<ref name="Metha2004">{{cite book|author=Arun Metha|title=History of medieval India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0IwAQAAIAAJ|year=2004|publisher=ABD Publishers|page=278|isbn=978-81-85771-95-3}}</ref><ref name="Menon2011">{{cite book|author=Kalyani Devaki Menon|title=Everyday Nationalism: Women of the Hindu Right in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7TLRCtw-zvoC&pg=PA44|date= 2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-0279-3|pages=44–}}</ref> His paternal grandfather [[Maloji Bhosale|Maloji]] (1552–1597) was an influential general of [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]], and was awarded the epithet of "[[Raja]]". He was given ''[[deshmukh]]i'' rights of Pune, Supe, Chakan, and Indapur to provide for military expenses. He was also given [[Shivneri Fort|Shivneri fort]] for his family's residence ({{circa|1590}}).<ref>Marathi book Shivkaal (Times of Shivaji) by Dr V G Khobrekar, Publisher: Maharashtra State Board for Literature and Culture, 1st. ed. 2006. Chapter 1</ref><ref name="Salma314">{{cite book|author=Salma Ahmed Farooqui|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC&pg=PA314|title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century|publisher=Dorling Kindersley India|year=2011|isbn=978-81-317-3202-1|pages=314–}}</ref>

At the time of Shivaji's birth, power in the Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates: [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]], [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]], [[Golkonda Sultanate|Golkonda]]; and the [[Mughal Empire]]. Shahaji often changed his loyalty between the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, the Adilshahi of Bijapur and the Mughals, but always kept his ''[[jagir]]'' (fiefdom) at [[Pune]] and his small army.<ref name="Eaton2005" /> 

Scholar [[James Laine]] states that Shivaji was imbued with the dream of re-establishing a Hindu kingdom by his mother, Jijabai, who was aware of her [[Yadava dynasty|Yadava]] heritage and considered her husband "a collaborator of low birth."<ref>{{cite book |last=Laine |first=James W. |author-link=James Laine |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/10230 |title=Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India |date=2003-02-13 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-514126-9 |page=93 |chapter=Cracks in the Narrative |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195141269.003.0006  |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/book/10230/chapter/157915767}}</ref>