Editing Shim Sham (section)

==History==
In the late 1920s, when [[Leonard Reed]] and [[Willie Bryant]] were with the Whitman Sisters troupe on the [[Theater Owners Booking Association|T.O.B.A.]] circuit in Chicago, they created a tap dance routine they called "Goofus"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reed|first=Leonard|date=September 25, 2018|title=Leonard Reed Interview: The Origins of the Shim Sham|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH10E20--5k |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/iH10E20--5k| archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=February 18, 2021|website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> to the tune [[Turkey in the Straw]].<ref name="hill" /><ref name="frank" /><ref name="feldman" /> The routine consisted of standard steps: eight bars each of the Double Shuffle, the Cross Over, Tack Annie (an up-and-back shuffle), and Falling Off a Log.<ref name="hill" /><ref name="feldman" /><ref name="stearns" />

In early 1930s, the Shim Sham was performed on stage in Harlem at places like Connie's Inn,<ref name="feldman" /><ref name="stearns" /> Dickie Wells's Shim Sham Club,<ref name="hill" /><ref name="feldman" /> the 101 Ranch,<ref name="boyd" /> the LaFayette Theatre,<ref name="hill" /> and the [[Harlem Opera House]].<ref name="hill" />

At the end of many performances, all of the musicians, singers, and dancers would get together on stage and do one last routine: the Shim Sham Shimmy. Tap dancers would perform technical variations, while singers and musicians would shuffle along as they were able.<ref name="feldman" /> For example, in 1931 flash dance act The Three Little Words would close their show at Connie's Inn with the Shim Sham, and invite everyone to join in, "and the whole club would join us, including the waiters. For awhile people were doing the Shim Sham up and down Seventh Avenue all night long," according to Joe Jones.<ref name="stearns" />

According to tap dancer [[Howard “Stretch” Johnson]] the word "Shim" was a contraction of the term "she-him", a reference to the fact that the female chorus line dancers at the 101 Ranch were played by men.<ref name="boyd" />

At the Savoy Ballroom, some lindy hoppers did the shim sham as a group line dance, without the taps. A bunch of dancers would just jump up and start doing the shim sham on the side of the ballroom, over in the corner. Although a few people might join in, most everybody else kept on dancing without paying any attention to it.<ref name="manning" />

In the mid-1980s, [[Frankie Manning]] introduced the shim sham at New York Swing Dance Society dances, and he also created a special version of the shim sham for swing dancers. Frankie Manning's version of the shim sham caught on, and it's now done at swing dances worldwide.<ref name="manning" />