Editing Shays's Rebellion (section)

==Background==
[[File:John Hancock painting.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Populist Governor [[John Hancock]] refused to crack down on tax delinquencies and accepted devalued paper currency for debts.]]
[[File: Shays' Rebellion.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Artist's depiction of protesters watching a debtor in a scuffle with a tax collector by the courthouse at Springfield, Massachusetts. The insurrection was a tax-related rebellion.]]

Prior to the 19th century, the economy of rural [[New England]] largely consisted of subsistence agriculture, particularly in the hill towns of central and western Massachusetts. Some residents in these areas had few assets beyond their land, and they bartered with one another for goods and services. In lean times, farmers might obtain goods on credit from suppliers in local market towns who would be paid when times were better.<ref>Szatmary, pp. 1–10</ref> In contrast, there was a [[market economy]] in the more economically developed coastal areas of [[Massachusetts Bay]] and in the fertile [[Connecticut River Valley]], driven by the activities of wholesale merchants dealing with Europe and the West Indies.<ref>Szatmary, pp. 10–15</ref> The state government was dominated by this merchant class.<ref>Szatmary, p. 32</ref>

When the Revolutionary War ended in 1783, Massachusetts merchants' European business partners refused to extend lines of credit to them and insisted that they pay for goods with [[hard currency]], despite the country-wide shortage of such currency. Merchants began to demand the same from their local business partners, including those operating in the market towns in the state's interior.<ref>Szatmary, pp. 25–31</ref> Many of these merchants passed on this demand to their customers, although Governor [[John Hancock]] did not impose hard currency demands on poorer borrowers and refused to actively prosecute the collection of delinquent taxes.<ref>Richards, p. 85</ref> The rural farming population was generally unable to meet the demands of merchants and the civil authorities, and some began to lose their land and other possessions when they were unable to fulfill their debt and tax obligations. This led to strong resentments against tax collectors and the courts, where creditors obtained judgments against debtors, and where tax collectors obtained judgments authorizing property seizures.<ref>Szatmary, pp. 29–34</ref> A farmer identified as "Plough Jogger" summarized the situation at a meeting convened by aggrieved commoners:<ref name="zinn91">Zinn, p. 91</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hahn |first1=John Willard|title=The Background of Shays's Rebellion: A Study of Massachusetts History, 1780–1787|date=1946|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]|page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xaw2AAAAMAAJ&q=plough+jogger}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Broadus|title=Heritage from Hamilton|date=1957 |publisher=Columbia University Press|page=26|isbn=978-0598382382|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rAKTAAAAIAAJ&q=plough+jogger|access-date=April 26, 2016}}</ref><!--{{rs|Zinn appears completely clueless that this is an obvious pen-name or other pseudonym.|date=April 2016}}, See [[Talk:Shays' Rebellion#Pseudonym]] for discussion on why "Plough Jogger" is set off by quote marks-->

<blockquote>I have been greatly abused, have been obliged to do more than my part in the war, been loaded with class rates, town rates, province rates, Continental rates, and all rates&nbsp;... been pulled and hauled by sheriffs, constables, and collectors, and had my cattle sold for less than they were worth{{nbs}}... The great men are going to get all we have and I think it is time for us to rise and put a stop to it, and have no more courts, nor sheriffs, nor collectors nor lawyers.</blockquote>

Veterans had received little pay during the war and faced added difficulty collecting payments owed to them from the State or the [[Congress of the Confederation]].<ref name="zinn91" /> Some soldiers began to organize protests against these oppressive economic conditions. In 1780, Daniel Shays resigned from the army unpaid and went home to find himself in court for non-payment of debts. He soon realized that he was not alone in his inability to pay his debts and began organizing for debt relief.<ref name="zinn93">Zinn, p. 93</ref>