Editing Shanghai (section)

==Etymology==
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Shanghai_(Chinese_characters).svg
| piccap = "Shanghai" in [[kaishu|regular]] Chinese characters
| picupright = 0.5
| c = {{linktext|lang=zh|上海}}
| l = "Upon the Sea"
| p = Shànghǎi
| psp = Shanghai
| w = Shang<sup>4</sup>-hai<sup>3</sup>
| bpmf = ㄕㄤˋ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄏㄞˇ
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Shanghai pron.ogg|sh|ang|4|.|h|ai|3}}
| gr = Shanqhae
| wuu = {{Audio|zh-wuu-2-上海.ogg|Zaon<sup>22</sup> he<sup>44</sup>|help=no}}
| lmz = Zånhae
| j = soeng6 hoi2
| y = Seuhnghói
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|s|oeng|6|-|h|oi|2}}
| poj = Siōng-hái
| buc = Siông-hāi
| h = Sông-hói
| showflag = pwuu
| tp = Shànghǎi
}} The two [[Chinese character]]s in the city's name are {{lang-zh|c={{linktext|上}} |labels=no}} ({{transliteration|zh|shàng}}/''zaon'', "upon") and {{lang-zh|c={{linktext|海}} |labels=no}} ({{transliteration|zh|hǎi}}/''hé'', "sea"), together meaning "On the Sea". The earliest occurrence of this name dates from the 11th-century [[Song dynasty]], when there was already a river confluence and a town with this name in the area. Others contend that the city is referenced in historical records dating back 2150 years, and that its ancient name, "Hu", suggests it was previously a fishing village. In 1280 it was renamed "Shanghai", which translates to "Above the Sea".<ref>{{cite book|last=Choy Chong |first=Li|year=1998|title=Business Environment and Opportunities in China: Shanghai and its Surrounding Region|publisher=Deutscher Universitätsverlag|page=4|isbn=978-3824404131}}</ref> How the name should be understood has been disputed, but Chinese historians have concluded that during the [[Tang dynasty]], the area of modern-day Shanghai was under sea level, so the land appeared to be literally "on the sea".<ref name="Danielson, Eric N. 2004, pp.8-9">Danielson, Eric N., ''Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta'', 2004, pp.&nbsp;8–9.</ref>
Shanghai is officially abbreviated {{lang-zh|s={{linktext|沪}} |labels=no}}{{efn|Traditional Chinese: {{lang|zh-hant|滬}}<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=zh:教育部重編國語辭典修訂本|url=http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?ccd=jhLPR1&o=e0&sec=sec1&op=v&view=1-1|access-date=29 September 2019|author=National Academy for Educational Research|work=dict.revised.moe.edu.tw|language=zh|author-link=National Academy for Educational Research|archive-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323093159/http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?ccd=jhLPR1&o=e0&sec=sec1&op=v&view=1-1|url-status=live}}</ref>}} ({{transliteration|zh|Hù}}/''wu'') in [[Chinese language|Chinese]], a contraction of {{lang-zh|s={{linktext|沪渎}} |labels=no}}{{efn|Traditional Chinese: {{lang|zh-hant|滬瀆}}<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=zh:滬瀆詞語解釋 / 滬瀆是什麽意思|url=http://www.chinesewords.org/dict/178009-179.html|access-date=29 September 2019|website=chinesewords.org |language=zh-Hant |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929063643/http://www.chinesewords.org/dict/178009-179.html|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>}} ({{transliteration|zh|Hù Dú}}/''wu-doq'', "[[Harpoon]] Ditch"), a 4th- or {{nowrap|5th-century}} [[Jin Dynasty (265–420)|Jin]] name for the mouth of [[Suzhou Creek]] when it was the main conduit into the ocean.<ref name="Shenhu Origin">{{cite web |title=Geography |script-title= |url=https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-Overview/20231209/705180b43f794c1ca43f4d1ddaa049a2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425133729/https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-Overview/20231209/705180b43f794c1ca43f4d1ddaa049a2.html |archive-date=25 April 2024 |access-date=9 December 2023 |publisher=International Services Shanghai |language=English}}</ref> This character appears on all motor vehicle license plates issued in the municipality today.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cgs.gzjd.gov.cn/nsyycms/u/cms/www/201310/141301475hqv.pdf|script-title=zh:中华人民共和国机动车号牌|trans-title=License plate of motor vehicle of the People's Republic of China|date=28 September 2007|access-date=29 September 2019|publisher=[[Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China]]|language=zh-cn|page=14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503024552/http://www.gzjd.gov.cn/nsyycms/u/cms/www/201310/141301475hqv.pdf|archive-date=3 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Alternative names ===
{{lang-zh|c={{linktext|申}} |labels=no}} (''Shēn''/''sén'') or {{lang-zh|c={{linktext|申|城}} |labels=no}} (''Shēnchéng''/''sén-zen'', "Shen City") was an early name originating from [[Lord Chunshen]], a 3rd-century BC nobleman and prime minister of the [[Chu (state)|state of Chu]], whose [[fief]] included modern Shanghai.<ref name="Shenhu Origin" /> Shanghai-based sports teams and newspapers often use Shen in their names, such as [[Shanghai Shenhua F.C.|Shanghai Shenhua]] and ''[[Shen Bao]]''.

{{lang-zh|s={{linktext|华|亭}} |labels=no}}{{Efn|{{lang-zh|t=華亭}}|name=|group=}} (''Huátíng''/''gho-din'') was another early name for Shanghai. In AD&nbsp;751 during the mid-Tang dynasty, Huating County was established by [[Zhao Juzhen]], the governor of [[Wu Commandery]], at modern-day Songjiang, the first [[County (China)|county-level administration]] within modern-day Shanghai. The first five-star hotel in the city was named after Huating.<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=zh:华亭宾馆和零的突破|url =http://xmwb.news365.com.cn/ygb/201309/t20130905_1517067.html|work=[[Xinmin Evening News]]|date =5 September 2013|access-date =12 January 2014|language=zh-cn|url-status=dead|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130905221558/http://xmwb.news365.com.cn/ygb/201309/t20130905_1517067.html|archive-date =5 September 2013}}</ref>

{{lang-zh|s={{linktext|魔|都}} |labels=no}} (''Módū''/''mó-tu'', "monster/fiend/magical city"),{{efn|The first Chinese character "魔" has three meanings according to The Standard Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese: (1) Devil. (2) Metaphor for something that harms people or evil forces. (3) Magical; unpredictable.}} a contemporary nickname for Shanghai, is widely known among the youth.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Modu' Shanghai but why people call it 'Modu'?|url=https://shanghaifact.weebly.com/|website =shanghaifact.weebly.com |access-date=2 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002030902/https://shanghaifact.weebly.com/ |archive-date=2 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The name was first mentioned in Japanese novelist [[Shōfu Muramatsu]]'s 1924 novel ''Mato'', which portrayed Shanghai as a dichotomous city where both light and darkness existed.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lippet|first=Seiji|year=2002|title=Topographies of Japanese Modernism|publisher=Columbia University Press|page=84|isbn=0231500688}}</ref>

The city has various nicknames in English, including the "[[New York City|New York]] of China", in reference to its status as a cosmopolitan [[New York metropolitan area|megalopolis]] and [[financial hub]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/219124.htm|title=Shanghai and New York—Similar, But Different|publisher=China.org|access-date=3 April 2024|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131170537/http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/219124.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> the "Pearl of the Orient", and the "Paris of the East".<ref name="paris of the east">{{cite news |last=Moraski |first=Brittney |date=20 July 2011 |access-date=29 July 2011 |url=http://www.dailypress.net/page/content.detail/id/531416/Shanghai-brings-a-touch-of-home.html?nav=5097 |title=Shanghai brings a touch of home |newspaper=Daily Press |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928204603/http://www.dailypress.net/page/content.detail/id/531416/Shanghai-brings-a-touch-of-home.html?nav=5097 |archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.meetingsfocus.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/162/ArticleID/10276/Default.aspx |title=Shanghai: Pearl of the Orient |publisher=Meetingsfocus.com |date=7 April 2013 |access-date=4 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830214236/http://www.meetingsfocus.com/ArticleDetails/tabid/162/ArticleID/10276/Default.aspx |archive-date=30 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This is similar to [[Ho Chi Minh City]] (also known as Saigon), in Vietnam, which has also been nicknamed the "Paris of the Orient", due to Vietnam's historical French status.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lodi News-Sentinel – Google News Archive Search|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19710407&id=hbAzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=960,545760&hl=en|access-date=13 March 2021|website=news.google.com|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208200759/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19710407&id=hbAzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=960,545760&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref>