Editing Shaanxi (section)

==Name==
{| class="wikitable floatright plainrowheaders"
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Language !! scope="colgroup" colspan="2" | Pronunciation
|-
! scope="col" | {{langn|zh|陝西}} !! scope="col" | {{langn|zh|山西}} 
|-
! scope="row" | [[Jin Chinese]]<ref name="Wubu">{{cite book|script-title=zh:吴堡方言调查研究|date=2014|last1=Xing |first1=Xiangdong |author1-mask=Xing Xiangdong (邢向东) |last2=Wang |first2=Zhaofu |author2-mask=Wang Zhaofu (王兆富)|pages=40, 47, 52|publisher=Zhonghua shuju }} Informant: Wang Zhaofu, born in 1948, {{lang|zh|吴堡县寇家源镇东王家山村}}.</ref>
| {{IPA|cjy|ʂje sɛe̯|}}  || {{IPA|cjy|sã sɛe̯|}} 
|-
! scope="row" | 13th-century Mandarin<ref name="Shen 2015">{{cite book|script-title=zh:《蒙古字韻》集校|last=Shen |first=Zhongwei |author-mask=Shen Zhongwei (沈钟伟)|pages=287, 295, 261|date=2015|publisher=The Commercial Press}} Locality: [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan-era]] North China {{circa|1269}}.</ref>
| [ʃem si] || [ʃan si]
|-
! scope="row" | [[Xi'an dialect|Xi'an Mandarin]]<ref>{{cite book|title=西安方言词典|date=1996|last=王军虎|pages=151, 214, 27|publisher=江苏教育出版社}} Audio released as {{cite book|title=西安话音档|last=王军虎|editor=侯精一|publisher=上海教育出版社|date=1997}} Informant: 杨绳信, born in 1932, Xi'an.</ref>
| [ʂæ̃ ɕi] || [sæ̃ ɕi]
|- 
! scope="row" | Beijing Mandarin
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | [ʂan ɕi]
|}

The meaning of the province, 'west of Shan', is attested {{circa|1000&nbsp;BC}}, when the dukes of [[Duke of Shao|Shao]] and [[Duke of Zhou|Zhou]] marked their borders along the [[Shanzhou District|Shan]] plateau ({{lang|zh|陝塬}}, now the Zhanbian plateau).<ref name="Duke">{{cite news|script-title=zh:为何说《新华字典》切断了中华文化之根？|work=Financial Times |date=2014-02-27|last=Lao |first=Yu |author-mask=Lao Yu (老愚)|url=http://cnforum.pangu.org/index.php?topic=2613.0|access-date=16 July 2023|archive-date=16 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716003439/http://cnforum.pangu.org/index.php?topic=2613.0|url-status=live}} Reprinted on {{cite journal|script-title=zh:《新华字典》切断了中华文化之根？|last=Lao |first=Yu |author-mask=Lao Yu (老愚)|script-journal=zh:读写月报(高中版) |date=2014|issue=5|pages=2–3 |language=zh}}</ref> In [[Chinese input methods for computers|Chinese typing]], the toponym {{lang|zh|陝}} often got mixed up with 'valley' {{lang|zh|陜}} (note: distinguish {{lang|zh|㚒}} and {{lang|zh|夾}}).<ref name="yxhenan"/> [[Simplified characters]] merged the two as {{lang|zh|陕}}.<ref name="yxhenan">{{cite news|script-title=zh:再说"陝"（陕）字|work=崤函网|via=印象河南网|date=2012-02-01|url=http://www.yxhenan.com/info/smx/sanmenxiaqh_14409_1834.html|access-date=16 July 2023|archive-date=16 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716003437/http://www.yxhenan.com/info/smx/sanmenxiaqh_14409_1834.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Shaanxi (Chinese characters).svg
| picupright = 0.4
| piccap = "Shaanxi" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
| s = 陕西
| t = 陝西
| order = st
| l = {{nowrap|"West of the Shan Pass"}}
| p = Shǎnxī<ref name="thepaper2016"/>
| psp = Shensi<ref name="Shensi romanization"/>
| w = Shan<sup>3</sup>-hsi<sup>1</sup>
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|sh|an|3|.|x|i|1}}
}}
The romanizations of Shaanxi ({{lang|zh|陝西}}) and its neighboring province [[Shanxi]] ({{lang|zh|山西}}) are troublesome in Beijing Mandarin because their pronunciation differs only in tone (rendered as Sh'''ǎ'''nxī and Sh'''ā'''nxī in [[pinyin]] transcription, 1958). To avoid confusion, mainland China recognized the [[Gwoyeu Romatzyh]] transcription (1928) for {{lang|zh|陝}}, "Sh'''aa'''n".<ref name="thepaper2016"/><ref>{{cite journal|title=中文罗马化书目记录编制研究|journal=图书馆研究|date=2014|issue=3|last=崔明明|page=56|url=http://tsgyj.jxlibrary.net/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=789|access-date=16 July 2023|archive-date=16 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716003438/http://tsgyj.jxlibrary.net/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=789|url-status=live}}</ref>

Nonetheless, the vowels and consonants of {{Transliteration|cmn|shǎn}} {{lang|zh|陝}} and {{Transliteration|cmn|shān}} {{lang|zh|山}} are distinguished in the more conservative [[Jin Chinese]] languages native to the two provinces, as shown on the chart to the right (refer to [[Help:IPA/Jin Chinese|IPA for Jin Chinese]] for further information). This conservative phonology is reflected in the historical spelling of Shaanxi, "'''Shensi'''", known to the Europeans in the 18th century.<ref name="Shensi romanization">{{cite book|first=Ernst Ludewig|last=Rathlefs|title= Pastoris primarii zu Diepholz, Akridotheologie Oder historische und theologische Betrachtungen über die Heuschrekken, Volume 1|date=1748|page=38|quote=der Landschaft Shensi|language=German}}</ref> "Shensi" was recognized in the 1906 [[Chinese postal romanization]]. "Shensi" continued to be popular until 1987 when the [[People's Republic of China|PRC]] banned pre-PRC romanizations.<ref name="thepaper2016">{{cite news|title=陕西为什么拼作Shaanxi，而不是Shanxi|work=澎湃新闻|date=2016-07-07|last1=官雪晖|last2=蒋子文|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1495089|access-date=12 June 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519001131/http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1495089|url-status=live}}</ref>