Editing Serbo-Croatian (section)

==Name==
Throughout the history of the [[South Slavs]], the [[vernacular]], literary, and written languages (e.g., Chakavian, Kajkavian, Shtokavian) of various regions and ethnic groups developed and diverged independently. Before the 19th century, these languages were collectively called "Illyrian", "Slavic", "Slavonian", "Bosnian", "Dalmatian", "Serbian", or "Croatian".<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kordić, Snježana |author-link=Snježana Kordić |title=Moderne Nationalbezeichnungen und Texte aus vergangenen Jahrhunderten |trans-title=Modern nation names and texts in the past |url=http://www.zeitschrift-fuer-balkanologie.de/index.php/zfb/article/view/222/222 |language=de |journal=Zeitschrift für Balkanologie |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=40–41 |year=2010 |issn=0044-2356 |ssrn=3440016 |id={{CROSBI|495349}}. {{ZDB|201058-6}} |archive-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601175024/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/495349.MODERNE_NATIONALBEZEICHNUNGEN.PDF |access-date=11 May 2014 }}</ref> Since the 19th century, the term ''Illyrian'' or ''Illyric'' was frequently used, sometimes leading to confusion with the ancient [[Illyrian language]]. Although [[Illyrian (South Slavic)|the word ''Illyrian'' was used occasionally before]], its widespread usage began after [[Ljudevit Gaj]] and several other prominent linguists met at [[Ljudevit Vukotinović]]'s house to discuss the issue in 1832.<ref>{{cite book |last=Despalatović |first=Elinor Murray |title=Ljudevit Gaj and the Illyrian Movement |publisher=East European Quarterly; [[Columbia University Press]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/ljudevitgajillyr0000desp/page/64 64] |location=New York and London |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-914710-05-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/ljudevitgajillyr0000desp/page/64 }}</ref> The term ''{{Nowrap|Serbo-Croatian}}'' was first used by [[Jacob Grimm]] in 1824,{{Sfn|Lencek|1976|p=46}}{{Sfn|Pohl|1996|pp=209–210}} later popularized by the Viennese philologist [[Jernej Kopitar]], and adopted by Croatian grammarians in [[Zagreb]] in 1854 and 1859.{{Sfn|Lencek|1976|p=49}} At that time, Serb and Croat lands were still part of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[Austrian Empire]]s.

Serbo-Croatian is typically referred to by the names of its standardized varieties—Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin.{{Sfn|Brown|Anderson|2006|p=259}}<ref>"In 1993 the authorities in Sarajevo adopted a new language law (Službeni list Republike Bosne i Hercegovine, 18/93): In the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Ijekavian standard literary language of the three constitutive nations is officially used, designated by one of the three terms: Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian." ({{Harvnb|Bugarski|Hawkesworth|2006|p=142}})</ref> It is rarely referred to by the names of its sub-dialects, such as [[Bunjevac dialect|Bunjevac]] or [[Šokac dialect|Šokac]].<ref>"The same language [Croatian] is referred to by different names, Serbian (srpski), Serbo-Croat (in Croatia: hrvatsko-srpski), Bosnian (bosanski), based on political and ethnic grounds. […] the names Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian are politically determined and refer to the same language with possible slight variations." ({{Harvnb|Brown|Anderson|2006|p=294}})</ref> In the language itself, it is formally known as {{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|srpskohrvatski|српскохрватски|separator=|label=none}} ("Serbo-Croatian") and {{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|hrvatskosrpski|хрватскoсрпски|separator=|label=none}} ("Croato-Serbian").<ref name="Econ" /> Historically, linguists and philologists, including [[Đuro Daničić]] and [[Tomislav Maretić]], have referred to the language as "Serbian or Croatian" and "Croatian or Serbian". Serbo-Croatian is often colloquially called ''naš jezik'' ("our language") or ''naški'' (sic. "ourish" or "ourian") by native speakers. This term is frequently used by those who wish to avoid linguistic discussions.<ref>{{cite book |last=Štiks |first=Igor |url=http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=642971 |title=Brothers United: The Making of Yugoslavs |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2015 |isbn=9781474221542 |pages=27 |language=en |access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Đorđe |first=Tomić |title=European National Identities: Elements, Transitions, Conflicts |publisher=Routledge |year=2017 |isbn=9781351296465 |editor1-last=Roland |editor1-first=Vogt |pages=287 |language=en |chapter=From "Yugoslavism" to (Post-)Yugoslav Nationalisms: Understanding Yugoslav Identities}}</ref> Native speakers traditionally describe their language as ''jedan ali ne jedinstven'' ("one but not uniform").{{sfn|Alexander|2006|p=425}}

In 1988, Croatian linguist [[Dalibor Brozović]] advocated the term ''Serbo-Croatian'', stating that, by analogy with Indo-European, it not only denotes the two components of the same language but also delineates the geographical region in which it is spoken, encompassing all language varieties within these boundaries, including Bosnian and Montenegrin.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brozović |first=Dalibor |author-link=Dalibor Brozović |title=Jezik, srpskohrvatski/hrvatskosrpski, hrvatski ili srpski : izvadak iz II izdanja Enciklopedije Jugoslavije |publisher=Jugoslavenski Leksikografski zavod "Miroslav Krleža" |page=4 |language=sh |chapter=Jezik, srpskohrvatski/hrvatskosrpski, hrvatski ili srpski |trans-chapter=Language, Serbo-Croatian/Croato-Serbian, Croatian or Serbian : Extract From the Second Edition of the Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia |location=Zagreb |year=1988 |isbn=978-86-7053-014-0 |oclc=645757653}}</ref> Croatian linguist [[Mate Kapović]] suggested ''Standard Shtokavian'' as the ethnically neutral and linguistically most precise term.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Muhr |first=Rudolf |editor-first1=Rudolf |editor-first2=Josep Angel |editor-first3=Jack |editor-last1=Muhr |editor-last2=Mas Castells |editor-last3=Rueter |author-link=:de:Rudolf Muhr |display-authors=etal |contribution=Bosnian/Croatian/Montenegrin/Serbian: Notes on contact and conflict |contributor-last=Kapović |contributor-first=Mate |contributor-link=Mate Kapović |year=2019 |title=European Pluricentric Languages in Contact and Conflict |series=Österreichisches Deutsch – Sprache der Gegenwart |volume=21 |isbn=978-3-631-80297-7 |doi=10.3726/b16182 |id={{CROSBI|66007}} |pages=171–184 |quote=The common pluricentric standard dialect<sup>6</sup> in question would today best be called, in an ethnically neutral and lingustically most precise manner, Standard Štokavian,<sup>7</sup> though that name is not very suitable for wider, non-linguistic use due to obscureness of the dialectal term Štokavian outside the region. [...] (“Serbo-Croatian” is considered politically incorrect by many and “Standard Štokavian” is still not common)}}</ref> Nowadays, the use of the term "Serbo-Croatian" is controversial due to the widespread perception that national identity and language should correspond.<ref>{{cite book|last=Richter Malabotta |first=Melita |editor1-last=Busch |editor1-first=Brigitta |editor2-last=Kelly-Holmes |editor2-first=Helen |title=Language, Discourse and Borders in the Yugoslav Successor States |url=https://archive.org/details/languagediscours00busc |url-access=limited |publisher=Multilingual Matters |page=[https://archive.org/details/languagediscours00busc/page/n86 81] |chapter=Semantics of War in Former Yugoslavia |location=Clevedon |year=2004 |oclc=803615012}}</ref>{{Sfn | Mappes-Niediek | 2005 | p = 30}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Kordić |first=Snježana |author-link=Snježana Kordić |editor1-last=Ajdačić |editor1-first=Dejan |editor2-last=Lazarević Di Đakomo |editor2-first=Persida |title=U čast Pera Jakobsena: zbornik radova |publisher=SlovoSlavia |pages=225–239 |language=sh |chapter=Ideologija nacionalnog identiteta i nacionalne kulture |trans-chapter=The ideology of national identity and culture |chapter-url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/522531.Ideologija_nacionalnog.PDF |series=Studia in honorem Per Jakobsen; vol. 1 |location=Beograd |year=2010 |isbn=978-86-87807-02-0 |oclc=723062357 |s2cid=132883650 |ssrn=3439190 |id={{CROSBI|522531}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601175039/http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/522531.Ideologija_nacionalnog.PDF|url-status=live|archive-date=1 June 2012|url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/522531.Ideologija_nacionalnog.PDF |ref=none}}</ref> However, it is still used in academic and linguistic contexts due to the lack of a succinct alternative.<ref>{{cite book|last=Obst |first=Ulrich |editor1-last=Okuka |editor1-first=Miloš |editor2-last=Schweier |editor2-first=Ulrich |title=Festschrift für Peter Rehder zum 65. Geburtstag |series=Welt der Slaven; vol. 21 |publisher=Otto Sagner |page=212 |language=de |chapter=Zum genitivus qualitatis und zu alternativen Möglichkeiten in den drei 'Buddenbrooks'-Übersetzungen aus dem kroatischen und serbischen Sprachgebiet |location=Munich |year=2004 |oclc=55018584}}</ref> Following the [[breakup of Yugoslavia]], alternative designations have emerged, such as ''Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian'' (BCS),<ref>Tomasz Kamusella. ''The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe''. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. pp. 228, 297.</ref> which is frequently used in political contexts, including by the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]].