Editing September 18 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 96|96]] &ndash; Emperor [[Domitian]] is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. [[Nerva]] is then proclaimed as his successor.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Alston|title=Aspects of Roman History AD 14–117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBCGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA142|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-78782-1|page=142}}</ref>
* [[324]] &ndash; [[Constantine the Great]] decisively defeats Licinius in the [[Battle of Chrysopolis]], establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire.<ref>{{cite book|author=Carol Humphrey Vivian Sutherland|title=The Roman Imperial Coinage: Constantine and Licinius: A.D. 313–337, by P. M. Bruun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-irTAAAAMAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Spink|page=25|isbn=9780900696855}}</ref>
*[[1048]] &ndash; [[Battle of Kapetron]] between a combined Byzantine-Georgian army and a [[Seljuq Empire|Seljuq]] army.<ref>{{cite book | last=Beihammer | first=Alexander Daniel | title=Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040–1130 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-351-98386-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyYlDwAAQBAJ | pages=77–79}}</ref>
*[[1066]] &ndash; Norwegian king [[Harald Hardrada]] lands with [[Tostig Godwinson]] at the mouth of the Humber River and begins his invasion of England.<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Child|author2=David Taylor|title=Understanding History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2acYjrx3rEC&pg=PA75|year=1991|publisher=Heinemann|isbn=978-0-435-31210-7|page=75}}</ref>
*[[1180]] &ndash; [[Philip Augustus]] becomes king of France at the age of fifteen.<ref>{{citation |first=Lambert Blackwell |last=Larking |title=Charter of Philip Augustus, King of France 1180, From the Surrenden Collection |journal=Archaeologia Cantiana |volume=4 |url=https://kentarchaeology.org.uk/node/9399 |year=1861|publisher=Kent Archaeological Society |page=129}} {{open access}}</ref>
*[[1454]] &ndash; [[Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)|Thirteen Years' War]]: In the [[Battle of Chojnice (1454)|Battle of Chojnice]], the Polish army is defeated by the [[Teutonic Order|Teutonic knights]].
*[[1544]] &ndash; The expedition of [[Juan Bautista Pastene]] makes landfall in [[San Pedro Bay (Chile)|San Pedro Bay]], [[Zona Sur|southern Chile]], claiming the territory for Spain.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Juan Bautista Pastene: Primer almirande del mar chileno|journal=[[Revista de Marina]]|url=https://revistamarina.cl/revistas/1994/6/barria.pdf|last=Barría González|first=Juan|year=1994|access-date=2021-03-07|archive-date=2022-10-09|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://revistamarina.cl/revistas/1994/6/barria.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===1601–1900===
*[[1618]] &ndash; The twelfth [[baktun]] in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar begins.
*[[1714]] &ndash; [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] arrives in Great Britain after becoming king on August 1.
*[[1739]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Belgrade]] is signed, whereby Austria cedes lands south of the Sava and Danube rivers to the Ottoman Empire.
*[[1759]] &ndash; [[French and Indian War]]: The [[Articles of Capitulation of Quebec]] are signed.
*[[1793]] &ndash; The first cornerstone of the [[United States Capitol]] is laid by George Washington.
*[[1809]] &ndash; The [[Royal Opera House]] in London opens.
*[[1810]] &ndash; [[Government Junta of Chile (1810)|First Government Junta]] in Chile. Though supposed to rule only during the [[Peninsular War]] in Spain, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.
*[[1812]] &ndash; [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|The 1812 Fire of Moscow]] dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from the [[Petrovsky Palace]] to the Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
*[[1837]] &ndash; [[Tiffany & Co.]] (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by [[Charles Lewis Tiffany]] and Teddy Young in New York City. The store is called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
*[[1838]] &ndash; The [[Anti-Corn Law League]] is established by [[Richard Cobden]].
*[[1850]] &ndash; The U.S. Congress passes the [[Fugitive Slave Act of 1850]].
*[[1851]] &ndash; First publication of ''The New-York Daily Times'', which later becomes ''[[The New York Times]]''.
*[[1860]] &ndash; [[Second Opium War]]: [[Battle of Zhangjiawan]]: Now heading towards [[Beijing]] after having recently occupied [[Tianjin]], the allied [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Anglo]]-[[Second French Empire|French]] force engages and defeats a larger [[Qing dynasty|Qing Chinese]] army at [[Battle of Zhangjiawan|Zhangjiawan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knollys |first=Henry |url=https://archive.org/details/incidentsinchina00granrich/page/106/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Incidents in the China War of 1860 |publisher=William Blackwood and Sons |year=1875 |location=Edinburgh |pages=107–109 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1862]] &ndash; The [[Confederate States]] celebrate for the first and only time a [[Thanksgiving Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/TG_Presidential_Thanksgiving_Proclamations_1862_1869.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-12-18 |archive-date=2018-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125191350/http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/TG_Presidential_Thanksgiving_Proclamations_1862_1869.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[Battle of Chickamauga]] begins between Confederate and Union forces. It involves the second highest amount of casualties for any [[American Civil War]] battle apart from [[Battle of Gettysburg|Gettysburg]].<ref name="dates">The [http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga004.htm NPS battle description] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111005219/http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga004.htm |date=January 11, 2006 }} by the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission and Kennedy, p. 227, cite September 18–20.</ref>
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: [[John Bell Hood]] begins the [[Franklin–Nashville Campaign]] in an unsuccessful attempt to draw [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] back out of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].<ref>Welcher, Frank J. ''The Union Army, 1861&ndash;1865 Organization and Operations''. Vol. 2, ''The Western Theater''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. {{ISBN|0-253-36454-X}}, p. 583.</ref>
*[[1873]] &ndash; The U.S. bank [[Jay Cooke & Company]] declares bankruptcy, contributing to the [[Panic of 1873]].
*[[1879]] &ndash; The [[Blackpool Illuminations]] are switched on for the first time.<ref>{{cite book |last=Parsons |first=R. H. |title=The Early Days of the Power Station Industry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghREBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 |access-date=17 September 2018 |date=2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107475045 |page=7 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*[[1882]] &ndash; The [[Pacific Stock Exchange]] opens.
*[[1898]] &ndash; The [[Fashoda Incident]] triggers the last war scare between Britain and France.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Winston Churchill|author2=Clementine Churchill|title=Speaking for Themselves: The Personal Letters of Winston and Clementine Churchill|publisher=Doubleday|year=1998|page=502}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1906]] &ndash; The [[1906 Hong Kong typhoon]] kills an estimated 10,000 people.<ref>{{cite book | last = Longshore | first = David | title = Encyclopedia of hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones | publisher = Facts on File | location = New York | year = 2008 | isbn = 9781438118796 | page=95}}</ref>
*[[1914]] &ndash; The [[Government of Ireland Act 1914|Irish Home Rule Act]] becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
*  1919   &ndash; [[Fritz Pollard]] becomes the first African American to play professional football for a major team, the Akron Pros.
*[[1922]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]] is admitted to the [[League of Nations]].
*[[1927]] &ndash; The [[Columbia Broadcasting System]] goes on the air.
*[[1928]] &ndash; [[Juan de la Cierva]] makes the first [[Autogyro]] crossing of the English Channel.
*[[1931]] &ndash; Imperial Japan instigates the [[Mukden incident]] as a pretext to [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria|invade and occupy Manchuria]].
*[[1934]] &ndash; The [[Soviet Union]] is admitted to the [[League of Nations]].
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The Polish government of [[Ignacy Mościcki]] flees to Romania.
*  1939   &ndash; World War II: The radio show ''[[Germany Calling]]'' begins transmitting Nazi propaganda.
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: Adolf Hitler orders the deportation of [[History of the Jews in Denmark#The Nazi era|Danish Jews]].
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: The British submarine {{HMS|Tradewind|P329|6}} torpedoes ''[[Jun'yō Maru]]'', killing 5,600, mostly slave labourers and POWs.
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: [[Operation Market Garden]] results in the liberation of [[Eindhoven]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oorlogsbronnen.nl/thema/Bevrijding%20Eindhoven|title=Bevrijding Eindhoven|website=Netwerk Oorlogsbronnen|quote=[[File:Symbol Translate.svg|15px|alt=]] '''Translated''': The liberation of Eindhoven took place on September 18, 1944.|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://stichting18september.nl/de-bevrijding-van-eindhoven/|title=De bevrijding van Eindhoven|website=Stichting 18 September|quote=[[File:Symbol Translate.svg|15px|alt=]] '''Translated''': On September 18, 1944, Allied armies entered Eindhoven, liberating one of the first cities in the Netherlands from German occupation.|language=nl}}</ref>
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Battle of Arracourt]] begins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b067783.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405074304/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b067783.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=April 5, 2019|title=Arracourt - September 1944| author=Richard H. Barnes|publisher=US Army Command and General Staff College|access-date=18 June 2020}}</ref> 
*[[1945]] &ndash; General [[Douglas MacArthur]] moves his general headquarters from Manila to Tokyo.
*[[1947]] &ndash; The [[National Security Act of 1947|National Security Act]] reorganizes the United States government's military and intelligence services.
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Operation Polo]] is terminated after the Indian Army accepts the surrender of the army of Hyderabad.
*  1948   &ndash; [[Margaret Chase Smith]] of Maine becomes the first woman elected to the United States Senate without completing another senator's term.
*[[1954]] &ndash; Finnish president [[J. K. Paasikivi]] becomes the first Western head of state to be awarded the highest honor of the [[Soviet Union]], the [[Order of Lenin]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/3001358| title = John H. Hodgson: ''The Paasikivi Line''| jstor = 3001358}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Paasikivi Tukholmassa: J. K. Paasikiven toiminta Suomen lähettiläänä Tukholmassa 1936–39 | pages=155–156 | publisher=Otava | year=1978 | author=Max Jakobson | location=Helsinki | isbn=951-1-05126-1 | language = fi}}</ref>
*[[1960]] &ndash; [[Fidel Castro]] arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuban delegation to the United Nations.
*[[1961]] &ndash; U.N. Secretary-General [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] dies in an [[1961 Ndola United Nations DC-6 crash|air crash]] while attempting to negotiate peace in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
*[[1962]] &ndash; [[Burundi]], [[Jamaica]], [[Rwanda]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]] are admitted to the United Nations.
*  1962   &ndash; [[Aeroflot Flight 213 (1962)|Aeroflot Flight 213]] crashes into a mountain near [[Chersky Airport]], killing 32 people.<ref name="asn">{{cite web |title=Tuesday 18 September 1962 |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19620918-1 |accessdate=31 October 2019 |publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; The [[Wedding of Constantine II and Princess Anne-Marie|wedding of Constantine II of Greece and Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark]] takes place in Athens.<ref>{{cite news |title=Greek King Takes Danish Bride; Athens Is Exuberant Over Young Ruler and Anne-Marie |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/19/archives/greek-king-takes-danish-bride-athens-is-exuberant-over-young-ruler.html |access-date=11 September 2024 |work=New York Times |date=19 September 1964}}</ref>
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[The Bahamas]], [[East Germany]] and [[West Germany]] are admitted to the United Nations.
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Fifi]] strikes Honduras with 110&nbsp;mph winds, killing 5,000 people.
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Voyager I]] takes the first distant photograph of the Earth and the Moon together.
*[[1980]] &ndash; [[Soyuz 38]] carries two cosmonauts (including one Cuban) to the [[Salyut 6]] space station.
*[[1981]] &ndash; The ''Assemblée Nationale'' votes to abolish [[capital punishment in France]].
*[[1984]] &ndash; [[Joe Kittinger]] completes the first solo balloon crossing of the Atlantic.
*[[1988]] &ndash; The [[8888 Uprising]] in Myanmar comes to an end.
*  1988   &ndash; General [[Henri Namphy]], president of Haiti, is ousted from power in a [[September 1988 Haitian coup d'état|coup d'état]] led by General [[Prosper Avril]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/09/19/new-general-installed-following-haitian-coup/1f3f9585-55e9-4e30-bea4-457a07ccd64d/|title=New General Installed Following Haitian Coup|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|author=Julia Preston|date=19 September 1988|accessdate=24 December 2022}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Liechtenstein]] becomes a member of the United Nations.
*[[1992]] &ndash; An explosion rocks [[Giant Mine]] at the height of a labor dispute, killing nine replacement workers in Yellowknife, Canada.
*[[1997]] &ndash; United States media magnate [[Ted Turner]] donates US$1&nbsp;billion to the United Nations.
*  1997   &ndash; The [[Ottawa Treaty|Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention]] is adopted. 
*[[2001]] &ndash; First mailing of [[anthrax]] letters from [[Trenton, New Jersey]] in the [[2001 anthrax attacks]].
*[[2007]] &ndash; Buddhist monks join anti-government protesters in Myanmar, starting what some call the [[Saffron Revolution]].
*[[2011]] &ndash; The [[2011 Sikkim earthquake]] is felt across northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and southern Tibet.
*[[2014]] &ndash; Scotland [[2014 Scottish independence referendum|votes against]] independence from the United Kingdom, by 55% to 45%.
*[[2015]] &ndash; Two security personnel, 17 worshippers in a mosque, and 13 militants are killed during a Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan [[2015 Camp Badaber attack|attack]] on a Pakistan Air Force base on the outskirts of Peshawar.
*[[2016]] &ndash; The [[2016 Uri attack]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir, India]] by terrorist group [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] results in the deaths of nineteen Indian Army soldiers and all four attackers.