Editing September 14 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 81]] &ndash; [[Domitian]] became Emperor of the [[Roman Empire]] upon the death of his brother [[Titus]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Vagi|first=David|title=Coinage and History of the Roman Empire|location=Chicago|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|date=1999|isbn=9781579583163|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dIEYDQAAQBAJ|page=218}}</ref>
* [[786]] &ndash; "Night of the three Caliphs": [[Harun al-Rashid]] becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother [[al-Hadi]]. Birth of Harun's son [[al-Ma'mun]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rekaya |first1=M. |title=al-Maʾmūn |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/al-mamun-SIM_4889 |website=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition |access-date=March 11, 2019 |language=en |date=24 April 2012}}</ref>
* [[919]] &ndash; [[Battle of Islandbridge]]: High King Niall Glúndub is killed while leading an Irish coalition against the Vikings of Uí Ímair, led by King Sitric Cáech.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mueller-Vollmer|first=Tristan|chapter=Islandbridge, Battle of|title=Vikings: An Encyclopedia of Conflict, Invasions, and Raids|editor-last1=Mueller-Vollmer|editor-first1=Tristan|editor-last2=Wolf|editor-first2=Kirsten|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|date=2022|isbn=9781440877292|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-QTHEAAAQBAJ|page=167}}</ref>
*[[1180]] &ndash; [[Genpei War]]: In the [[Battle of Ishibashiyama]] in Japan, the new military commander of the [[Minamoto clan]], [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], is routed by [[Ōba Kagechika]] of the [[Taira clan]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Aexlrod|first=Alan|title=Little-Known Wars of Great and Lasting Impact: The Turning Points in Our History We Should Know More About|location=Beverly, Mass.|publisher=Fair Winds Press|date=2009|isbn=9781592333752|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8x322-89x3MC|pages=50–52}}</ref>
*[[1226]] &ndash; The first recorded instance of the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] practice of [[Eucharistic adoration|perpetual Eucharistic adoration]] formally begins in Avignon, France.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hardon | first = John | title = The history of eucharistic adoration : development of doctrine in the Catholic Church | publisher = Institute on Religious Life Ave Maria Communications | location = Chicago, Ill. Ann Arbor, Mich | year = 2000 | isbn = 9780964844896 | page=11}}</ref>
*[[1402]] &ndash; [[Battle of Homildon Hill]]: An invading Scottish army under [[Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany]] and [[Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas|Archibald, Earl Douglas]] is decimated by a contingent of 500 English archers under the command of [[George II, Earl of March|George, Earl of March]] and [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Barrett|first=Charles Raymond Booth|title=Battles and Battlefields in England|location=London|publisher=A.D. Innes|date=1896|oclc=7076877|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKpCAAAAYAAJ|pages=97–100}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1607]] &ndash; [[Flight of the Earls]] from Lough Swilly, Donegal, [[Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Deane | first = Seamus | title = The Field Day anthology of Irish writing | publisher = Field Day Publications Distributed by Faber & Faber | location = Lawrence Hill, Derry, Northern Ireland London | year = 1991 | isbn = 9780814799062 | page=451}}</ref>
*[[1682]] &ndash; [[Bishop Gore School]], one of the oldest schools in [[Wales]], is founded.<ref>{{cite report|author=Schools Inquiry Commission|title=Special Reports of Assistant Commissioners and Digests of Information Received. Vol. XX: Monmouthshire and Wales|location=London|publisher=George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode|date=1870|oclc=1204918554|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-44AQAAMAAJ|page=110}}</ref>
*[[1685]] &ndash; [[Morean War]]: the [[Battle of Kalamata (1685)|Battle of Kalamata]] ends in a Venetian victory over the forces of the Ottoman Empire under the [[Kapudan Pasha]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Andrews | first = Kevin | title = Castles of the Morea | location = Amsterdam | publisher = Adolf M. Hakkert | year = 1978 | orig-date = 1953 | isbn = 90-256-0794-2 | page = 28}}</ref>
*[[1723]] &ndash; Grand Master [[António Manoel de Vilhena]] lays down the first stone of [[Fort Manoel]] in [[Malta]].
*[[1741]] &ndash; [[George Frideric Handel]] completes his oratorio ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Swain|first=Joseph Peter|title=Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music|location=Lanham, Md.|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|date=2023|isbn=9781538151617|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmO8EAAAQBAJ|page=xxx}}</ref>
*[[1752]] &ndash; The British Empire [[Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Great Britain and its colonies|adopts the Gregorian calendar]], skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).
*[[1763]] &ndash; [[Seneca people|Seneca]] warriors defeat British forces at the [[Battle of Devil's Hole]] during [[Pontiac's War]].
*[[1782]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: Review of the French troops under [[Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau|General Rochambeau]] by [[Washington at Verplanck's Point|General George Washington at Verplanck's Point]], New York.
*[[1791]] &ndash; The [[Papal States]] lose [[Avignon]] to [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|Revolutionary France]].
*[[1808]] &ndash; [[Finnish War]]: Russians defeat the Swedes at the [[Battle of Oravais]].
*[[1812]] &ndash; [[Napoleonic Wars]]: The French [[Grande Armée]] enters Moscow. The [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|Fire of Moscow]] begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city.
*[[1814]] &ndash; [[Battle of Baltimore]]: The poem ''Defence of Fort McHenry'' is written by [[Francis Scott Key]]. The poem is later used as the lyrics of [[The Star-Spangled Banner]].
*[[1829]] &ndash; The [[Ottoman Empire]] signs the [[Treaty of Adrianople (1829)|Treaty of Adrianople]] with Russia, thus ending the [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)|Russo-Turkish War]].
*[[1846]] &ndash; [[Jang Bahadur]] and his brothers [[Kot massacre|massacre]] about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court.
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[Battle of South Mountain]], part of the [[Maryland Campaign]], is fought.

===1901–present===
*[[1901]] &ndash; U.S. President [[William McKinley]] dies after [[Assassination of William McKinley|being mortally wounded]] on [[September 6]] by anarchist [[Leon Czolgosz]] and is succeeded by Vice President [[Theodore Roosevelt]].
*[[1911]] &ndash; Russian Premier [[Pyotr Stolypin]] is shot by [[Dmitry Bogrov]] while attending a performance of [[Rimsky-Korsakov]]'s [[The Tale of Tsar Saltan (Rimsky-Korsakov)|''The Tale of Tsar Saltan'']] at the Kiev Opera House, in the presence of [[Tsar Nicholas II]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Spencer Jones|author2=Peter Tsouras|title=Over the Top: Alternative Histories of the First World War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPRsBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA125|date=30 October 2014|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=978-1-4738-4109-3|pages=125}}</ref>
*[[1914]] &ndash; {{HMAS|AE1}}, the [[Royal Australian Navy]]'s first submarine, is lost at sea with all hands near [[East New Britain]], [[Papua New Guinea]].
*[[1917]] &ndash; The [[Russian Empire]] is formally replaced by the [[Russian Republic]].
*[[1936]] &ndash; [[Raoul Villain]], who assassinated the French Socialist [[Jean Jaurès]], is himself killed by Spanish Republicans in [[Ibiza]].
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine {{ship|ORP|Orzeł|1938|6}} in [[Tallinn]], sparking a [[Orzeł incident|diplomatic incident]] that the Soviet Union will later use to justify the annexation of Estonia.
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[Ip massacre]]: The [[Hungarian Army]], supported by [[Hungarians in Romania|local Hungarians]], kill 158 [[Romania]]n civilians in [[Ip, Sălaj]], a village in [[Northern Transylvania]], an act of [[ethnic cleansing]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Wehrmacht]] starts a three-day [[Viannos massacres|retaliatory]] operation targeting several Greek villages in the region of [[Viannos]], whose death toll would eventually exceed 500 persons.
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: [[Maastricht]] becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by [[Allies of World War II|allied forces]].
*[[1948]] &ndash; The [[Indian Army]] captures the city of [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] as part of [[Indian annexation of Hyderabad|Operation Polo]].
*[[1954]] &ndash; In a [[Totskoye nuclear exercise|top secret nuclear test]], a Soviet [[Tupolev Tu-4|Tu-4 bomber]] drops a 40 [[kiloton]] atomic weapon just north of [[Totskoye]] village.
*[[1958]] &ndash; The first two German post-war [[Mohr Rocket|rockets]], designed by the German engineer [[Ernst Mohr]], reach the upper atmosphere.
*[[1960]] &ndash; The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ([[OPEC]]) is founded.
*  1960   &ndash; [[Congo Crisis]]: Mobutu Sese Seko seizes power in a military coup, suspending parliament and the constitution.
*[[1975]] &ndash; The first American saint, [[Elizabeth Ann Seton]], is canonized by [[Pope Paul VI]].
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[List of heads of state of Afghanistan|Afghan leader]] [[Nur Muhammad Taraki]] is assassinated upon the order of [[Hafizullah Amin]], who becomes the new General Secretary of the [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|People's Democratic Party]].
*[[1982]] &ndash; President-elect of Lebanon [[Bachir Gemayel]] is assassinated.
*[[1984]] &ndash; [[Joe Kittinger]] becomes the first person to fly a [[gas balloon]] alone across the Atlantic Ocean.
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Penang Bridge]], the longest bridge in Malaysia, connecting the island of [[Penang]] to the mainland, opens to traffic.
*[[1989]] &ndash; The [[Standard Gravure shooting]] where Joseph T. Wesbecker, a 47-year-old pressman, killed eight people and injured 12 people at his former workplace, [[Standard Gravure]], before committing suicide.
*[[1992]] &ndash; The Constitutional Court of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] declares the breakaway [[Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia]] to be illegal.
*[[1993]] &ndash; [[Lufthansa Flight 2904]], an [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320]], crashes into an embankment after overshooting the runway at Okęcie International Airport (now [[Warsaw Chopin Airport]]), killing two people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19930914-2|title=ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A320-211 D-AIPN Warszawa-Okecie Airport (WAW)|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-09-13}}</ref>
*[[1994]] &ndash; The rest of the [[Major League Baseball]] [[1994 Major League Baseball season|season]] is canceled because of a [[1994–95 Major League Baseball strike|strike]].
*[[1997]] &ndash; Eighty-one killed as five bogies of the [[Howrah Ahmedabad Superfast Express|Ahmedabad–Howrah Express]] plunge into a river in Bilaspur district of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].
*[[1998]] &ndash; Telecommunications companies [[MCI Communications]] and [[WorldCom]] complete their $37&nbsp;billion merger to form [[MCI WorldCom]].
*[[1999]] &ndash; [[Kiribati]], [[Nauru]] and [[Tonga]] join the [[United Nations]].
*[[2000]] &ndash; [[Microsoft]] releases [[Windows Me]].
*[[2001]] &ndash; Historic National Prayer Service held at [[Washington National Cathedral]] for victims of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11 attacks]]. A similar service is held in Canada on [[Parliament Hill]], the largest vigil ever held in the nation's capital. 
*[[2002]] &ndash; [[Total Linhas Aéreas Flight 5561]] crashes near [[Paranapanema]], Brazil, killing both pilots on board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident ATR 42-312 PT-MTS Paranapanema, SP |url=https://www.asndata.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20020914-0 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.asndata.aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; In a referendum, [[Estonia]] approves joining the [[European Union]].
*  2003   &ndash; Bissau-Guinean President [[Kumba Ialá]] is ousted from power in a [[2003 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état|bloodless military coup]] led by General [[Veríssimo Correia Seabra]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/46145/guinea-bissau-army-ousts-president-who-kept-delaying-elections |title=Army ousts president who kept delaying elections |date=14 September 2003 |access-date=23 December 2022|newspaper=The New Humanitarian}}</ref>
*[[2007]] &ndash; prelude to the [[2008 financial crisis]]: [[Northern Rock]] bank experiences the first [[bank run]] in the United Kingdom in 150 years.
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Aeroflot Flight 821]], a [[Boeing 737 Classic|Boeing 737-500]], crashes into a section of the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]] while on approach to [[Perm International Airport]], in [[Perm, Russia]], killing all 88 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-505 VP-BKO Perm Airport (PEE)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20080914-0|access-date=2021-09-16|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> 
*[[2015]] &ndash; The [[first observation of gravitational waves]] is made, announced by the [[LIGO]] and [[Virgo interferometer|Virgo]] collaborations on 11 February 2016.
*[[2019]] &ndash; [[Yemen|Yemen's]] [[Houthi insurgency in Yemen|Houthi rebels]] claim responsibility for an [[Abqaiq–Khurais attack|attack]] on [[Saudi Arabia]]n oil facilities.<ref>{{citation|website=Market Watch|title=Why the Saudi oil attack is a 'big deal' that could be a 'game changer' in stock markets and crude prices|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/why-the-saudi-oil-attack-is-a-big-deal-that-could-be-a-game-changer-in-stock-markets-and-crude-prices-2019-09-15|author=Mark Decambre|date=Sep 15, 2019|access-date=Sep 15, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citation|website=CNN Business|title=Coordinated strikes knock out half of Saudi oil capacity, more than 5 million barrels a day |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/14/business/saudi-oil-output-impacted-drone-attack/index.html|date=Sep 15, 2019|access-date=Sep 15, 2019 |author1=John Defterios|author2=Victori Cavaliere}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; [[Death of Queen Elizabeth II]]: The Queen's coffin is taken from [[Buckingham Palace]], placed on a gun carriage of [[King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery|The King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery]] and moved in a procession to [[Westminster Hall]] for her [[lying in state]] over the next four days with [[Queue for the lying-in-state of Elizabeth II|the queue of mourners]] stretching for miles along the [[River Thames]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-62897146|title=First mourners pay respects as Queen Elizabeth lies in state|work=BBC News |date=14 September 2022|accessdate=14 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2022/sep/14/king-charles-iii-prince-william-harry-accompany-queen-elizabeth-ii-coffin-casket-westminster-hall-lie-lying-in-state-live-updates-latest-news|title=Mourners pay respects as Queen Elizabeth lies in state in Westminster Hall – latest updates|date=14 September 2022|accessdate=14 September 2022|newspaper=The Guardian |last1=Badshah |first1=Nadeem |last2=Cooney |first2=Christy |last3=Chao-Fong |first3=Léonie |last4=Belam |first4=Martin |last5=Ratcliffe |first5=Rebecca }}</ref>