Editing September 13 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[585 BC]] &ndash; [[Lucius Tarquinius Priscus]], king of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]], celebrates a [[Roman triumph|triumph]] for his [[Roman–Sabine wars#War with Tarquinius Priscus|victories]] over the [[Sabines]], and the surrender of [[Collatia]].
*[[509 BC]] &ndash; The [[Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus]] on Rome's [[Capitoline Hill]] is dedicated on the [[Roman calendar|ides]] of September.
* [[379]] &ndash; [[Yax Nuun Ahiin I]] is crowned as 15th [[Ajaw]] of [[Tikal]] 
* [[533]] &ndash; [[Belisarius]] of the [[Byzantine Empire]] defeats [[Gelimer]] and the [[Vandals]] at the [[Battle of Ad Decimum]], near [[Carthage]], North Africa.
*[[1229]] &ndash; [[Ögedei Khan]] is proclaimed [[Khagan]] of the [[Mongol Empire]] in Kodoe Aral, Khentii: [[Mongolia]].
*[[1437]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tangier (1437)|Battle of Tangier]]: a [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] expeditionary force initiates a failed attempt to seize the Moroccan citadel of [[Tangier]].
===1601–1900===
*[[1609]] &ndash; [[Henry Hudson]] reaches the river that would later be named after him &ndash; the [[Hudson River]].
*[[1645]] &ndash; [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]]: Scottish Royalists are defeated by Covenanters at the [[Battle of Philiphaugh]].<ref>{{HEScotland |desc=Battle of Philiphaugh |num=BTL14 |access-date=July 8, 2024}}</ref>
*[[1743]] &ndash; Great Britain, Austria and the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] sign the [[Treaty of Worms (1743)|Treaty of Worms]].
*[[1759]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham]]: the British defeat the French near [[Quebec City]] in the [[Seven Years' War]], known in the United States as the [[French and Indian War]].
*[[1782]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: Franco-Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the [[Great Siege of Gibraltar]].
*[[1788]] &ndash; The [[Congress of the Confederation]] sets the date for the first presidential election in the United States, and [[New York City]] becomes the country's temporary capital.
*[[1791]] &ndash; King [[Louis XVI of France]] accepts the [[French Constitution of 1791|new constitution]].
*[[1807]] &ndash; Beethoven's [[Mass in C major (Beethoven)|Mass in C major]], [[Opus number|Op]]. 86, is premiered, commissioned by [[Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy]], and displeasing him.<ref>{{cite AV media notes | last = Marston | first = Nicholas | url = http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/notes/55263-B.pdf | title = Beethoven: Mass in C major, Op. 86 | publisher = [[Hyperion Records]] | type = CD | id = CDH55263 | date = 2006 | access-date = May 15, 2015}}</ref>
*[[1808]] &ndash; [[Finnish War]]: In the [[Battle of Jutas]], Swedish forces under Lieutenant General [[Georg Carl von Döbeln]] beat the [[Russian Empire|Russians]], making von Döbeln a Swedish war hero.
*[[1812]] &ndash; [[War of 1812]]: A supply wagon sent to relieve [[Siege of Fort Harrison|Fort Harrison]] is ambushed in the [[Siege of Fort Harrison#Attacks at the Narrows|Attack at the Narrows]].
*[[1814]] &ndash; In a turning point in the War of 1812, the British fail to capture [[Baltimore]]. During the battle, [[Francis Scott Key]] composes his poem "Defence of Fort McHenry", which is later set to music and becomes [[The Star-Spangled Banner|the United States' national anthem]].
*[[1843]] &ndash; The Greek Army [[3 September 1843 Revolution|rebels]] ([[Old Style and New Style dates|OS date]]: September 3) against the autocratic rule of king [[Otto of Greece]], demanding the granting of a constitution.
*[[1847]] &ndash; [[Mexican–American War]]: Six teenage military [[cadet]]s known as [[Niños Héroes]] die defending [[Chapultepec Castle]] in the [[Battle of Chapultepec]]. American troops under General [[Winfield Scott]] capture Mexico City in the Mexican–American War.
*[[1848]] &ndash; Vermont railroad worker [[Phineas Gage]] survives an iron rod {{convert|1+1/4|inch|cm}} in diameter being driven through his brain; the reported effects on his behavior and personality stimulate discussion of the nature of the brain and its functions.
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] soldiers find a copy of [[Robert E. Lee]]'s [[Special Order 191|battle plans]] in a field outside [[Frederick, Maryland]]. It is the prelude to the [[Battle of Antietam]].
*[[1880]] &ndash; The [[Basuto Gun War]] breaks out after the [[Basuto]] launch a rebellion against the [[Cape Colony]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tylden |first=G.|date=1936|title=The Basutoland Rebellion of 1880-1881 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44227993  |journal= [[Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research]] |volume=15|issue=58|page=100|jstor=44227993 |issn=0037-9700}}</ref>
*[[1882]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Egyptian War]]: The [[Battle of Tel el-Kebir]] is fought.
*[[1898]] &ndash; [[Hannibal Goodwin]] patents [[celluloid]] [[photographic film]].
*[[1899]] &ndash; [[Halford Mackinder|Mackinder]], Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199 m &ndash; 17,058&nbsp;ft), the highest peak of [[Mount Kenya]].
*[[1900]] &ndash; Filipino insurgents defeat a small American column in the [[Battle of Pulang Lupa]], during the [[Philippine–American War]].

===1901–present===
*[[1906]] &ndash; The [[Santos-Dumont 14-bis]] makes a short hop, the first flight of a fixed-wing aircraft in Europe.
*[[1922]] &ndash; The final act of the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)|Greco-Turkish War]], the [[Great Fire of Smyrna]], commences.
*[[1923]] &ndash; Following a [[Miguel Primo de Rivera#Establishment of dictatorship|military coup]] in Spain, [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]] takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
*[[1933]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth McCombs]] becomes the first woman [[Lyttelton by-election, 1933|elected]] to the New Zealand Parliament.<ref>{{cite book |last1=King |first1=Michael |title=Penguin History of New Zealand |date=2003 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=0143018671 |page=266}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Second day of the [[Battle of Edson's Ridge]] in the Guadalcanal Campaign. U.S. Marines successfully defeat attacks by the Japanese with heavy losses for the Japanese forces.
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: Start of the [[Battle of Meligalas]] between the Greek Resistance forces of the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) and the collaborationist security battalions.
*[[1948]] &ndash; Deputy Prime Minister of India [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] orders the Army to move into [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] to [[Indian annexation of Hyderabad|integrate it]] with the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]].
*  1948   &ndash; [[Margaret Chase Smith]] is elected [[United States senator]], and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and the United States Senate.
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Nikita Khrushchev]] is appointed [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]].
*[[1956]] &ndash; The [[IBM 305 RAMAC]] is introduced, the first commercial computer to use [[disk storage]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/650/650_pr2.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050311064141/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/650/650_pr2.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = March 11, 2005| title = IBM Archives: 650 RAMAC announcement press release| date = January 23, 2003}} </ref>
*[[1956]] &ndash; The [[Dike (construction)|dike]] around the Dutch [[polder]] [[Zuiderzee Works#The Flevolands|East Flevoland]] is closed.
*[[1962]] &ndash; An appeals court orders the University of Mississippi to admit [[James Meredith]], the first African-American student admitted to the segregated university.
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam|South Vietnamese]] Generals [[Lâm Văn Phát]] and [[Dương Văn Đức]] fail in a [[September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt|coup attempt]] against General [[Nguyễn Khánh]].
*  1964   &ndash; [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] addresses a crowd of 20,000 West Berliners on Sunday, in [[Waldbühne]].<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/martin-luther-king-and-the-berlin-wall/2014/10/30/b72c90aa-48ad-11e4-b72e-d60a9229cc10_story.html Martin Luther King and the Berlin Wall][https://www.dw.com/en/remembering-martin-luther-kings-visit-to-berlin/a-17907455-0]</ref>
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania|Albania]] leaves the [[Warsaw Pact]].
*[[1971]] &ndash; State police and [[National Guard of the United States|National Guardsmen]] storm New York's [[Attica Prison]] to quell a [[Attica Prison riot|prison revolt]], which claimed 43 lives.<ref>[https://themorningnews.org/article/the-long-tail-of-the-attica-prison-riot The Riot and the Retaking][https://news.wbfo.org/post/heritage-moments-attica-prison-uprising-43-dead-and-four-decade-cover][https://www.themarshallproject.org/2016/09/13/the-riot-and-the-retaking]</ref>
*  1971   &ndash; Chairman [[Mao Zedong]]'s second in command and successor Marshal [[Lin Biao]] flees China after the failure of an alleged coup. His plane crashes in [[Mongolia]], killing all aboard.
*[[1979]] &ndash; South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of [[Venda]] (not recognised outside South Africa).
*[[1982]] &ndash; [[Spantax Flight 995]] crashes at [[Málaga Airport]] during a [[rejected takeoff]], killing 50 of the 394 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF EC-DEG Málaga Airport (AGP)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19820913-0|access-date=October 11, 2020|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1985]] &ndash; ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' is released in Japan for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|NES]], which starts the ''[[Super Mario]]'' series of platforming games.
*[[1986]] &ndash; A [[1986 Kalamata earthquake|magnitude 6.0 earthquake]] strikes Kalamata, Greece with a maximum [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale|Modified Mercalli intensity]] of X (''Extreme''), killing at least 20 and causing heavy damage in the city.<ref name="USGS">{{cite web |title=M 6.0 –1 km ENE of Paralía Vérgas, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0002y1v/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS |access-date=September 5, 2022}}</ref>
*[[1987]] &ndash; [[Goiânia accident]]: A [[radioactive]] object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in [[Goiânia]], Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and causing some to die from [[radiation poisoning]].
*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Gilbert]] is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere, later replaced by [[Hurricane Wilma]] in [[2005]] (based on [[barometric pressure]]).
*[[1989]] &ndash; Largest anti-[[Apartheid]] march in South Africa, led by [[Desmond Tutu]].
*[[1993]] &ndash; Israeli Prime Minister [[Yitzhak Rabin]] shakes hands with [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] chairman [[Yasser Arafat]] at the [[White House]] after signing the [[Oslo Accords]] granting limited Palestinian autonomy.
*[[1997]] &ndash; A [[German Air Force]] [[Tupolev Tu-154]] and a [[United States Air Force]] [[Lockheed C-141 Starlifter]] [[1997 Namibia mid-air collision|collide]] in mid-air near [[Namibia]], killing 33.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-154M 11+02 Namibia|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19970913-0|access-date=September 7, 2021|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[2001]] &ndash; Civilian aircraft traffic resumes in the United States after the [[September 11 attacks]].
*[[2007]] &ndash; The [[Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples]] is adopted by the [[United Nations General Assembly]].
*  2007   &ndash; The [[McLaren|McLaren F1 team]] are found guilty of [[2007 Formula One espionage controversy|possessing confidential information from the]] [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] team, fined $100 million, and excluded from the constructors' championship standings.<ref name="penalty">{{cite news|date=September 13, 2007|title=McLaren hit with constructors' ban|publisher=news.bbc.co.uk|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/6991147.stm|access-date=September 13, 2007}}</ref>
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Delhi]], India, is hit by a [[13 September 2008 Delhi bombings|series of bomb blasts]], resulting in 30 deaths and 130 injuries.
*[[2013]] &ndash; [[Taliban]] insurgents [[2013 attack on U.S. consulate in Herat|attack the United States consulate in Herat]], [[Afghanistan]], with two members of the [[Afghan National Police]] reported dead and about 20 civilians injured.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/afghan-militants-strike-us-consulate/1748890.html|title=Taliban Militants Attack US Consulate in Afghanistan|date=September 13, 2013|access-date=September 13, 2013|publisher=Voice of America News}}</ref>