Editing Seleucus IV Philopator (section)

==Biography==
===Birth and family===
He was the second son and successor of [[Antiochus III the Great]] and [[Laodice III]]. He was made heir to his father after the death of his elder brother [[Antiochus (son of Antiochus III the Great)|Antiochus the young king]], in 193 BC.{{sfn|Grainger|2015|p=2–3}} Seleucus IV wed his sister [[Laodice IV]], by whom he had three children: two sons [[Demetrius I Soter]], [[Antiochus (son of Seleucus IV)|Antiochus]] and a daughter [[Laodice V]].

=== Seleucid conflict with Rome ===
During the prelude to the [[Roman–Seleucid War|Roman-Seleucid War]], Seleucus was put in charge of the re-established colony of [[Lysimachia (Thrace)|Lysimacheia]] by his father.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Livius|first=Titus|title=Ab Urbe Condita|volume=35|issue=15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Appian, The Syrian Wars 1 - Livius|url=https://www.livius.org/sources/content/appian/appian-the-syrian-wars/appian-the-syrian-wars-1/#1|access-date=6 November 2020|website=www.livius.org}}</ref> Upon the outbreak of war, Seleucus commanded his own force, unsuccessfully besieging [[Attalid dynasty|Pergamon]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Appian, The Syrian Wars 6 - Livius|url=https://www.livius.org/sources/content/appian/appian-the-syrian-wars/appian-the-syrian-wars-6/|access-date=6 November 2020|website=www.livius.org}}</ref> and taking the city of [[Phocaea]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Livius|first=Titus|title=Ab Urbe Condita|volume=37|issue=11}}</ref> before fighting in the [[Battle of Magnesia]] alongside his father.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Appian, The Syrian Wars 7 - Livius|url=https://www.livius.org/sources/content/appian/appian-the-syrian-wars/appian-the-syrian-wars-7/|access-date=6 November 2020|website=www.livius.org}}</ref> After their defeat at Magnesia, Seleucus was made co-regent in 189 BC<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last1=Hornblower|first1=Simon|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/779530090|title=The Oxford classical dictionary.|last2=Spawforth|first2=Antony|last3=Eidinow|first3=Esther|date=2012|isbn=978-0-19-954556-8|pages=1342|publisher=OUP Oxford |language=en|oclc=779530090}}</ref> and the Seleucids signed the [[Treaty of Apamea]] with [[Roman Republic|Rome]] in 188 BC.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last1=Hornblower|first1=Simon|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/779530090|title=The Oxford classical dictionary.|last2=Spawforth|first2=Antony|last3=Eidinow|first3=Esther|date=2012|isbn=978-0-19-954556-8|pages=105|publisher=OUP Oxford |language=en|oclc=779530090}}</ref> As part of the treaty, Seleucus oversaw the supply of grain and scouts to Roman and Pergamene forces during their [[Galatian War|campaign against the Galatians]].<ref name=":0" />

=== Reign ===
In 187 BC, Antiochus died<ref name=":2" /> after looting the Temple of [[Bel (mythology)|Bel]] in [[Elymais|Elymaïs]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|author=Diodorus Siculus|title=Bibliotheca Historica|volume=29.10.15}}</ref> and Seleucus took over as Basileus. He renewed an alliance with the [[Achaean League]],<ref name=":3" /> and almost joined in [[Pharnaces I of Pontus|Pharnaces]] I's invasion of [[Galatia]], before reconsidering and turning back.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> He also substituted his son Demetrius instead of his brother [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes|Antiochus IV]] as a hostage in Rome.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Appian, The Syrian Wars 9 - Livius|url=https://www.livius.org/sources/content/appian/appian-the-syrian-wars/appian-the-syrian-wars-9/|access-date=6 November 2020|website=www.livius.org}}</ref>

=== Death ===
On September 3, 175 BC (137 [[Seleucid era|SE]]), Seleucus was assassinated by [[Heliodorus (minister)|Heliodorus]], one of his leading bureaucrats.  The ancient sources do not record a motive for this act; possibly it was simple lust for power, or possibly the sources misattributed the death to the one who gained the most from it.<ref name="gera">{{cite book |last=Gera |first=Dov |author-link= |date=1998 |title= Judaea and Mediterranean Politics 219 to 161 B.C.E. |location=Leiden |publisher=Brill |page=110-113 |isbn=90-04-09441-5}}</ref>  Heliodorus took over as regent, ruling on behalf of Seleucus IV's young child Antiochus.  Heliodorus's reign as regent was brief, however; months later, he was replaced by Antiochus IV with support from Pergamon.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" />