Editing Seattle Symphony (section)

==History==

===Beginnings===
[[File:Seattle Symphony, March 1908 (SEATTLE 268).jpg|thumb|Seattle Symphony performing in 1908]]
The orchestra gave its first performance on December 29, 1903, with Harry West conducting. Known from its founding as the Seattle Symphony, it was renamed in 1911 as the Seattle Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1919, the orchestra was reorganized with new bylaws under the name Seattle Symphony Orchestra. The 1921–22 season was cancelled due to financial problems.<ref>"No Symphony This Season" ''The Seattle Times'', 9 October 1921, p. 21</ref>  The orchestra was revived in 1926 under the direction of Karl Krueger.<ref>"Seattle Symphony Orchestra Assured," ''The Seattle Times'', 4 June 1926, p. 13.</ref><ref>"The Musician and the Playgoer", ''Town Crier'', 13 November 1926, pp. 11–12.</ref>

===Pacific Northwest Symphony Orchestra===
In 1947, the Seattle Symphony merged with the Tacoma Philharmonic to form the Pacific Northwest Symphony Orchestra. Performances were held in [[Seattle]], [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], and [[Olympia, Washington|Olympia]], with conducting duties split between Carl Bricken and [[Eugene Linden (conductor)|Eugene Linden]].<ref>Joe Miller, "N.W. Symphony Selects Name," ''The Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', 1 October 1947.</ref>  This arrangement ceased after one season, when the Seattle Symphony decided to withdraw from it.<ref name="Campbell">{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Esther W. |title=Bagpipes in the Woodwind Section: A History of the Seattle Symphony and its Women's Organization |publisher=Seattle Symphony Women's Organization |year=1978 |isbn= |location=Seattle |pages=57–58 |oclc=5792179}}</ref>  A feud between the musicians and the board surfaced in 1948, and a majority of the musicians divorced themselves from the board and created a new orchestra called the Seattle Orchestra, a partnership (collective) operated by the musicians themselves, who chose Linden as their conductor.<ref name=Campbell/>
The Seattle Symphony announced a separate orchestra season with eighteen concerts at the old [[Meany Hall for the Performing Arts]] on the [[University of Washington]] campus. The symphony was to be directed by Stanley Chapple, and a series of guest conductors: [[Artur Rodzinski]], [[Jacques Singer]], and [[Erich Leinsdorf]].<ref>Richard E. Hays, "Seattle Symphony Lists 18 Concerts for Season," ''The Seattle Times'', 10 October 1948.</ref>  Personnel for the Seattle Symphony were announced in the press on October 24, 1948, and included a few musicians who had chosen not to defect to the Seattle Orchestra and some new faces as well.<ref>"Orchestra Personnel for 2 Groups Listed," ''The Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', 24 October 1948.</ref>  The Seattle Symphony season was then postponed and eventually cancelled. The Seattle Orchestra, meanwhile, gave its first performance on November 23, 1948.<ref>Seattle Orchestra, ''Program'', 23 November 1948.</ref>  An accommodation was reached between the Seattle Symphony and the Seattle Orchestra, and the two organizations merged, and the name "Seattle Symphony Orchestra" was retained. The partnership system was also retained, and musicians gained access onto the board.<ref>Suzanne Martin, "Music Groups in Agreement on Symphony," ''The Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', 13 January 1949, p. 3.</ref>   The partnership system was eventually dissolved at the request of [[Milton Katims]] in 1955.<ref>Seattle Musicians Association, ''Minutes'', Meeting of the Board of Directors, 25 March 1955, 1 June 1955.</ref>  Even so, for most of its 100-year history, and especially today, the ensemble is known by the two-word name "Seattle Symphony".

[[File:SeattleSymphonyLogo.jpg|thumb|Former Seattle Symphony logo under [[Gerard Schwarz]].]]

===Gerard Schwarz===
[[Gerard Schwarz]] became music advisor of the orchestra in 1983 and principal conductor in 1984, before being named music director in 1985.<ref name="Broom">{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2008172218_schwarz11.html | title=Seattle Symphony's Gerard Schwarz is stepping down | work=The Seattle Times | author=Jack Broom | date=2008-09-11 | access-date=2010-04-24}}</ref>  Under Schwarz's leadership, the orchestra became particularly known for performing works of twentieth-century [[composer]]s, especially neglected American composers. Together, Schwarz and the orchestra have made more than 100 commercial recordings, including the major orchestral works of [[Howard Hanson]] and [[David Diamond (composer)|David Diamond]] as well as works by [[Charles Tomlinson Griffes]], [[Walter Piston]], [[Paul Creston]], [[William Schuman]], [[Alan Hovhaness]], [[Morton Gould]], [[David Diamond (composer)|David Diamond]], and others, for [[Delos International]] and [[Naxos Records]]. The orchestra received its first Grammy nomination in January 1990 for a 1989 recording of music of Howard Hanson.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19900112/1050450/grammy-city----three-nominations-put-seattle-symphony-and-schwarz-in-the-big-time | title=Grammy City – Three Nominations Put Seattle Symphony And Schwarz In The Big Time | work=The Seattle Times | author=Melinda Bargreen | date=1990-01-12 | access-date=2010-08-09}}</ref>  The orchestra also recorded a musical score to the SeaWorld, Orlando, stage show ''A'lure, The Call of the Ocean'' plus the score for the motion pictures ''[[Highlander II: The Quickening]]'' and ''[[Die Hard With a Vengeance]]''.

Schwarz received praise for his championing of American composers and his skills in fund-raising.<ref name="Broom"/>  However, his tenure was also marked by controversies between him and several symphony musicians, which included several legal disputes.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/16/arts/music/16waki.html?pagewanted=all | title=In Seattle, a Fugue for Orchestra and Rancor | work=New York Times | author=Daniel J. Wakin and James R. Oestreich | date=2007-12-16 | access-date=2010-04-24}}</ref>  In September 2008, the orchestra announced the conclusion of Schwarz's music directorship after the 2010–2011 season, at which time Schwarz became the orchestra's conductor laureate.{{update after|2017|1|22}}<ref name="Broom"/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/11/arts/music/11orch.html | title=Seattle's Conductor Plans His Departure | work=New York Times | author=Daniel J. Wakin | date=2008-09-11 | access-date=2010-04-24}}</ref>

===Ludovic Morlot===
[[File:Seattle Symphony logo.jpg|thumb|150px|Seattle Symphony logo]]
[[Ludovic Morlot]] first guest-conducted the Seattle Symphony in October 2009.<ref>{{cite news | author=Melinda Bargreen | title=Seattle Symphony with guest conductor Ludovic Morlot | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2010125227_symphony24.html | work=Seattle Times | date=2009-10-23 | access-date=2016-06-04}}</ref>  He returned in April 2010, as a substitute conductor in the wake of the [[2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull|2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruptions]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Bernard Jacobson | title=After the volcano, the show goes on at Seattle Symphony | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2011687447_symphony24.html | work=Seattle Times | date=2010-04-23 | access-date=2016-06-04}}</ref>  Based on these appearance, in June 2010, the orchestra announced the appointment of Morlot as its 15th music director, effective with the 2011–2012 season, with an initial contract of six years.<ref name="Bargreen">{{cite news | author=Melinda Bargreen | title=Rising French star Ludovic Morlot chosen to replace Schwarz at Seattle Symphony | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2012238774_musicdirectornu30.html | work=The Seattle Times | date=29 June 2010 | access-date=2010-07-02}}</ref>  During Morlot's tenure, the orchestra initiated its own recording label, 'Seattle Symphony Media'.  In July 2015, the orchestra announced the extension of Morlot's contract through the 2018–2019 season.<ref>{{cite press release | url=http://www.seattlesymphony.org/about/newsroom/pressrelease/ludocontract | title=Music Director Ludovic Morlot's Contract Extended Through 2019 | publisher=Seattle Symphony Orchestra | date=2015-07-10 | access-date=2015-07-21}}</ref>  Morlot has taken particular interest in fostering music from Seattle-based composers, including composers within the orchestra itself.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/28/arts/music/ludovic-morlot-stands-out-at-the-seattle-symphony.html | title=A Symphony's Leader Takes Seattle by Storm | work=The New York Times | author=Zachary Woolfe | author-link=Zachary Woolfe | date=2012-01-27 | access-date=2016-06-04}}</ref>  His work with the orchestra has included the commissioning and premiere of [[John Luther Adams]]' ''[[Become Ocean]]'', which went on to win the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Music and the 2015 Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition.  The commercial recording of ''Become Ocean'', for Cantaloupe Music, led to a donation by [[Taylor Swift]] to the Seattle Symphony of US$50,000.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/03/taylor-swift-gives-50000-to-seattle-symphony/ | title=Taylor Swift Gives $50,000 to Seattle Symphony | work=The New York Times (ArtsBeat blog) | author=Michael Cooper | date=2015-12-03 | access-date=2016-06-04}}</ref>  Morlot and the orchestra have received additional Grammy Awards for their recordings of music of [[Henri Dutilleux]].<ref>{{cite news | author=Melissa Davis | title=Seattle Symphony is only local Grammy winner | url=http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/music/seattle-symphony-is-only-local-grammy-winner/ | work=Seattle Times | date=2016-02-15 | access-date=2017-04-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Melissa Davis | title=Seattle Symphony wins Grammy No. 3 | url=http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/classical-music/seattle-symphony-wins-grammy-no-3/ | work=Seattle Times | date=2017-02-12 | access-date=2017-04-30}}</ref>  Morlot concluded his tenure as music director at the end of the 2018–2019 season.<ref>{{cite news | title=Seattle Symphony conductor Ludovic Morlot to leave next year | first=Brendan | last=Kiley | work=The Seattle Times | date=2017-04-21 | url=http://www.seattletimes.com/news/seattle-symphony-conductor-ludovic-morlot-announces-departure/ | access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>

===Thomas Dausgaard===
[[Thomas Dausgaard]] first guest-conducted the orchestra in 2013.<ref>{{cite news | author=RM Campbell | title=Danish conductor wields a bold and energetic baton | url=http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Danish-conductor-wields-a-bold-and-energetic-baton-1109748.php | work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | date=2013-03-14 | access-date=2017-10-04}}</ref>  In October 2013, the orchestra named Dausgaard its next principal guest conductor, effective with the 2014–2015 season, with an initial contract of 3 years.<ref>{{cite news | author=Tom Keogh | title=Danish maestro named SSO principal guest conductor | url=http://www.seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2021945990_principalguestdausgaardxml.html | work=Seattle Times | date=2013-10-02 | access-date=2017-10-04}}</ref>  In March 2016, the orchestra announced the extension of Dausgaard's contract as principal guest conductor through the 2019–2020 season.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.seattlesymphony.org/about/newsroom/pressrelease/dausgaardcontract | title=Principal Guest Conductor Thomas Dausgaard's Contract Extended Through 2019–2020 Season | publisher=Seattle Symphony Orchestra | date=2016-03-03 | access-date=2017-10-04}}</ref>  In October 2017, the orchestra announced the appointment of Dausgaard as its next music director, effective with the 2019–2020 season, with an initial contract of 4 seasons.<ref>{{cite news | author=Melinda Bargreen | title=Seattle Symphony picks Thomas Dausgaard to succeed Ludovic Morlot as music director | url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/classical-music/seattle-symphony-picks-thomas-dausgaard-to-succeed-ludovic-morlot-as-music-director/| work=Seattle Times | date=2017-10-03 | access-date=2017-10-04}}</ref>  On 7 January 2022, Dausgaard resigned as music director by e-mail, with immediate effect.<ref>{{cite news | author=Payne, Patti | title=Seattle Symphony music director abruptly steps down | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/news/2022/01/07/seattle-symphony-music-director-abruptly-resigns.html | work=Puget Sound Business Journal | date=2022-01-07 | accessdate=2022-01-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Thomas Dausgaard and the Seattle Symphony Announce Closure of His Tenure as Music Director | url=https://seattlesymphonypress.squarespace.com/pressreleases/2022/1/7/the-seattle-symphony-announce-closure-of-music-director-tenure | work=Seattle Symphony press release | date=2022-01-07 | accessdate=2022-01-07 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author=Javier Hernandez | title=Seattle Maestro Resigns by Email and Says He Felt 'Not Safe' | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/11/arts/music/seattle-symphony-thomas-dausgaard.html | work=The New York Times | date=2022-01-11 | accessdate=2022-01-15}}</ref> In an interview with Danish National Radio's P2, Dausgaard said, "I have felt threatened and I haven't felt safe with going to work."<ref name="Blum">{{cite news| url=https://apnews.com/article/xian-zhang-seattle-symphony-9377c5bb3f96bf1711298830c5700595 | title=Xian Zhang to become music director of Seattle Symphony starting with 2025-26 season | work=Associated Press | author=Ronald Blum | date=2024-09-05 | access-date=2024-09-05}}</ref>

===Xian Zhang===
In June 2008, [[Xian Zhang (conductor)|Xian Zhang]] first guest-conducted the orchestra.<ref name="Blum"/>  She returned to the orchestra as a guest conductor several times, including in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic and in 2021 with the return of live audiences to concerts.<ref name="Hernandez">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/05/arts/music/xian-zhang-seattle-symphony.html | title=A Barrier-Breaking Conductor Will Lead the Seattle Symphony | work=The New York Times | author=Javier C. Hernández | date=2024-09-05 | access-date=2024-09-06}}</ref>  In September 2024, the orchestra announced the appointment of Zhang as its next music director, effective with the 2025-2026 season, with an initial contract of five years.  She took the title of music director-designate with immediate effect.  Zhang is the first female conductor and the first conductor of color to be named music director of the Seattle Symphony.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://seattlesymphonypress.squarespace.com/pressreleases/2024/9/5/xian-zhang-named-music-director-of-the-seattle-symphony | title=Xian Zhang named music director of the Seattle Symphony | publisher=Seattle Symphony | date=5 September 2024 | access-date=2024-09-06}}</ref> She will remain in her role as Music Director at the New Jersey Symphony through 2028, while also leading the Seattle Symphony.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.njsymphony.org/news/detail/xian-zhang-announces-appointment-to-music-director-of-seattle-symphony-while-remaining-music-director-of-new-jersey-symphony | title=Xian Zhang announces appointment to music director of Seattle Symphony while remaining music director of New Jersey Symphony | publisher=New Jersey Symphony Orchestra | date=September 5, 2024 | access-date=September 6, 2024}}</ref>