Editing Scottish Terrier (section)

==History==

[[image:076. Scotch Terrier.JPG|thumb|right|alt="A drawing of a black dog with a rounded head, standing to a dead rat."|A Scotch Terrier, published in 1859]]
Initial grouping of several of the highland terriers (including the Scottie) under the generic name ''Skye Terriers'' caused some confusion in the breed's lineage. There is disagreement over whether the Skye Terriers mentioned in 
early 16th century records actually descended from forerunners of the Scottie or vice versa.<ref name="choosing">{{cite web |url=http://www.petplace.com/dogs/choosing-a-scottish-terrier/page1.aspx |title=Choosing a Scottish Terrier |author=Ruben, Dawn |publisher=Pet Place |access-date=2010-01-01}}</ref> It is certain, however, that Scotties and [[West Highland White Terrier]]s are closely related—both their forefathers originated from the Blackmount region of [[Perthshire]] and the Moor of [[Rannoch Moor|Rannoch]].<ref name="planet">{{cite web |url=http://www.petplanet.co.uk/petplanet/breeds/Scottish_Terrier.htm |title=Scottish Terrier |publisher=Pet Planet |access-date=2010-01-01}}</ref> Scotties were originally bred to hunt and kill [[vermin]] on [[farm]]s and to hunt [[badger]]s and foxes in the Highlands of Scotland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pedigree.com.au/dog-breed-information/dog-breed-gallery/Scottish-Terrier/ |title=Scottish Terrier |publisher=Pedigree.com.au |access-date=2015-08-03}}</ref>

The actual origin of a breed as old as the Scottish Terrier is obscure and undocumented.<ref name="owners">{{cite book |last=Stamm|first= Miriam|author2=Beauchamp, Rick |title= An Owner's Guide to Scottish Terriers |year=1998|publisher=TFH Publications|isbn=978-0-7938-2786-2}}</ref> The first written records about a dog of similar description to the Scottish Terrier dates from 1436, when Don Leslie described them in his book ''The History of Scotland 1436–1561''. Two hundred years later, [[Sir Joshua Reynolds]] painted a portrait of a young girl caressing a dog similar in appearance to the modern-day Scottie.<ref name="mactavish"/> [[King James VI]] of Scotland was an important historical figure featuring in the Scottish Terrier's history. In the 17th century, when King James VI became James I of England, he sent six terriers—thought to be forerunners of the Scottish terrier—to a [[France|French]] monarch as a gift.<ref name="canismajor"/> His love and adoration for the breed increased their popularity throughout the world.<ref name="choosing"/>

Many dog writers after the early 19th century seem to agree that there were two varieties of terrier existing in Britain at the time—a rough-haired so-called Scotch Terrier and a smooth-haired English Terrier.<ref name="owners"/> Thomas Brown, in his ''Biological Sketches and Authentic Anecdotes of Dogs'' (1829), states that "the Scotch Terrier is certainly the purest in point of breed and the (smooth) English seems to have been produced by a cross from him".<ref name="owners"/>  Brown went on to describe the Scotch Terrier as "low in stature, with a strong muscular body, short stout legs, a head large in proportion to the body" and was "generally of a sandy colour or black" with a "long, matted and hard" coat.<ref name="owners"/>  Although the Scotch Terrier described here is more generic than specific to a breed, it asserts the existence of a small, hard, rough-coated terrier developed for hunting small game in the Scottish Highlands in the early 19th century; a description that shares characteristics with what was once known as the Aberdeen Terrier and is today known as the Scottish Terrier. In addition, the paintings of [[Sir Edwin Landseer]] and an 1835 lithograph entitled "Scottish Terriers at Work on a Cairn in the West Highlands" both depict Scottie type terriers very similar to those described in the first Scottish Terrier Standard.<ref name="mactavish"/>

[[image:Scottish Terrier Sire.jpg|thumb|left|alt="A greyscale photograph of a typical black Scottish Terrier facing off camera in profile to the lower left"|Ch. Bapton Norman, a [[Popular sire effect|popular sire]] from 1914.]]

In the 19th century, the Highlands of Scotland, including the [[Isle of Skye]], were abundant with terriers originally known by the generic term "short-haired terriers" or "little Skye Terriers".<ref name="choosing2">{{cite web |url=http://www.petplace.com/dogs/choosing-a-cairn-terrier/page1.aspx |title=Choosing a Cairn Terrier |publisher=Pet Place |access-date=2010-01-01}}</ref> Towards the end of the 19th century, it was decided to separate these Scottish  <!-- lower case here because we are talking about terriers from Scotland and not the breed --> terriers and develop pure bloodlines and specific breeds. Originally, the breeds were separated into two categories: Dandie Dinmont Terriers and Skye Terriers (not the Skye Terrier known today, but a generic name for a large group of terriers with differing traits all said to originate from the Isle of Skye). The [[Birmingham]] England dog show of 1860 was the first to offer classes for these groups of terriers.<ref name="owners"/> They continued to be exhibited in generic groups for several years and these groups included the ancestors of today's Scottish Terrier.<ref name="owners"/> Recorded history and the initial development of the breed started in the late 1870s with the development of dog shows. The exhibition and judging  of dogs required comparison to a breed standard and thus the appearance and temperament of the Scottie was written down for the first time.<ref name="mactavish"/> Eventually, the Skye Terriers were further divided into what are known today as the Scottish Terrier, Skye Terrier, West Highland White Terrier and Cairn Terrier.<ref name="choosing2"/>

While fanciers sought to identify and standardize the breed and its description through the late 19th century, the Scottish Terrier was known by many different names: the Highland, the Cairn, Diehard, and most often, the Aberdeen Terrier—named because of the abundant number of the dogs in the area and because a J. A. Adamson of [[Aberdeen]] successfully exhibited his dogs during the 1870s.<ref name="owners"/> Roger Rough, a dog owned by Adamson, Tartan, a dog owned by Mr Paynton Piggott, Bon Accord, owned by Messrs Ludlow and Bromfield, and Splinter II owned by Mr Ludlow, were early winners of dog exhibitions and are the four dogs from which all Scottish Terrier [[Pedigree (animal)|pedigrees]] ultimately began.<ref name="mactavish"/> It is often said that all present day Scotties stem from a single [[wiktionary:bitch|bitch]], Splinter II, and two sires. In her book, ''The New Scottish Terrier'', Cindy Cooke refers to Splinter II as the "foundation matron of the modern Scottish Terrier." Cooke goes on to say "For whatever reason, early breeders line bred on this bitch to the virtual exclusion of all others. Mated to Tartan, she produced Worry, the dam of four champions. Rambler, her son by Bonaccord, sired the two founding sires of the breed, ''Ch. Dundee'' (out of Worry) and ''Ch. Alistair'' (out of a Dundee daughter)"<ref name="decon">{{cite web |url=http://www.tartanscottie.com/Deconstructing-Diehard-1column.pdf |title=Deconstructing the Diehard |author=Harvil, Joseph |publisher=Great Scots Magazine |access-date=2010-01-01}}</ref>  Show champions on both sides of the [[Atlantic]] descend from  Splinter and her sires.<ref name="Study">{{cite web |url=http://www.stca.biz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=364:the-origin-of-the-scottish-terrier&catid=115:breed-history&Itemid=112|title=The Origin of the Scottish Terrier |author=Graham, Claribel|publisher=Scottish Terrier Club of America |access-date=2012-07-12}}</ref>

Captain Gordon Murray and S.E. Shirley were responsible for setting the type in 1879.<ref name="planet"/> Shortly afterwards, in 1879, Scotties were for the first time exhibited at [[Alexandra Palace]] in [[England]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scotties Info |url=https://www.stcinc.org/scotties-info |access-date=August 30, 2024 |website=The Scottish Terrier Club, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2018 |title=Alexandra Palace and the Scottie Connection |url=https://nationalpurebreddogday.com/alexandra-palace-and-the-scottie-connection/ |access-date=August 30, 2024 |website=National Purebred Dog Day}}</ref> while the following year they began to be classified in much the same way as is done today.<ref name="passody2">{{cite web |url=http://www.pasoddy.com/english/dog/scottie_.htm |title=Scottish Terrier: About Breed |publisher=PasOddy.com |access-date=2010-01-01}}</ref> The first written standard of the breed was drafted by J.B. Morrison and D.J. Thomson Gray and appeared in [[Vero Shaw (writer)|Vero Shaw]]'s ''Illustrated Book of The Dog'', published in 1880; it was extremely influential in setting both breed type and name. The standard described the breed's colouring as "[[Grey]], Grizzle or [[Brindle]]", as the typically Black colouring of Scotties did not become fashionable or favoured until the 20th century.<ref name="owners"/>
[[File:Scottish Terrier from 1915.JPG|thumb|alt="A drawing of a dog resembling a modern Scottish Terrier."|Scottish Terrier circa 1915]]
In 1881 the "Scottish Terrier Club of England" was founded, being the first club dedicated to the breed. The club secretary, H.J. Ludlow, is responsible for greatly popularising the breed in the southern parts of Great Britain. The "Scottish Terrier Club of Scotland" was not founded until 1888, seven years after the English club.<ref name="passody2"/> Following the formation of the English and Scottish clubs there followed several years of disagreement regarding the breed's official standard.<ref name="passody2"/> The issue was finally settled by a revised standard in 1930, which was based on four prepotent dogs. The dogs were Robert and James Chapman's Heather Necessity, Albourne Barty, bred by AG Cowley, Albourne Annie Laurie, bred by Miss Wijk and Miss Wijk's Marksman of Docken (the litter brother of Annie Laurie).<ref name="mactavish"/> These four dogs and their offspring modified the look of the Scottie, particularly the length of the head, closeness to the ground and the squareness of body. Their subsequent success in the show ring led to them becoming highly sought after by the British public and breeders. As such, the modified standard completely revolutionized the breed.<ref name="mactavish"/> This new standard was subsequently recognised by the [[Kennel Club]] UK circa 1930.<ref name="passody2"/>

Scotties were introduced to [[United States|America]] in the early 1890s, but it was not until the years between [[World War I]] and [[World War II]] that the breed became popular. The Scottish Terrier Club of America (STCA) was formed in 1900<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stca.biz/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=112&Itemid=105 |title=History |publisher=Scottish Terrier Club of America |access-date=8 March 2015 |last=Barrie |first=Carswell}}</ref> and a standard written in 1925.<ref name="mactavish"/>  The Scottish Terrier was recognized by the [[United Kennel Club]] in 1934.<ref name="ukc">{{cite web |url=http://www.ukcdogs.com/WebSite.nsf/Breeds/ScottishTerrier |title=Scottish Terrier |work=United Kennel Club |access-date=2010-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416212804/http://www.ukcdogs.com/WebSite.nsf/Breeds/ScottishTerrier |archive-date=16 April 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By 1936, Scotties were the third most popular breed in the United States. Although they did not permanently stay in fashion, they continue to enjoy a steady popularity with a large segment of the dog-owning public across the world.<ref name=AKC_STCA_Archive_Guide>{{cite web|title=Guide to the Scottish Terrier Club of America Collection (1902-2005)|url=http://www.akc.org/about/depts/archive/Scotty_collection.cfm|access-date=19 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606083747/http://www.akc.org/about/depts/archive/Scotty_collection.cfm|archive-date=6 June 2012}}</ref>  The STCA founded its Health Trust Fund (HTF) in 1995 which supports research on health issues in the breed.

Scottish Terriers have won best in show at the [[Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show]] more than any other breed except for the [[Wire Fox Terrier]], a total of nine times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/history/bisrecords.html|title=Best In Show Awards By Breed (1907-2009)|publisher=The Westminster Kennel Club|access-date=2010-02-17|archive-date=17 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317135346/http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/history/bisrecords.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> These victories began in 1911 with a win by Ch. [[Tickle Em Jock]] and include recent victories such as in 1995 when Ch. Gaelforce Post Script (Peggy Sue) won, and in 2010 with a victory by Ch. [[Roundtown Mercedes Of Maryscot]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H1MEAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Tickle+Em+Jock%22&pg=PA65|title=Scottie is Best Dog in U.S.|date=26 February 1945|publisher=Life|page=65|access-date=2010-03-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/history/biswinners.html|title=Best in Show Winners|publisher=The Westminster Kennel Club|access-date=2010-02-17|archive-date=25 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225033923/http://westminsterkennelclub.org/history/biswinners.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>