Editing Scotia (section)

==Etymology and derivations==
The name of ''Scotland'' is derived from the [[Latin]] ''Scotia''. The word ''[[Scoti]]'' (or ''Scotti'') was first used by the Romans. It is found in [[Latin]] texts from the 4th century describing an Irish group that raided [[Roman Britain]].<ref name="OED">{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Scot|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|publisher=Etymonline.com|access-date=16 February 2015}}</ref> It came to be applied to all [[Gaels]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Duffy |first=Seán |date=22 September 2015 |title=Crowning of Ireland's Last, Scottish High King |url=https://www.tcd.ie/news_events/articles/crowning-of-irelands-last-scottish-high-king/ |accessdate=4 November 2021 |website=[[Trinity College Dublin]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~kthomas/history/Histroy6.htm|title=The Story of the Irish Race|publisher=Homepage.eircom.net|access-date=16 February 2015}}</ref> It is not believed that any Gaelic groups called themselves ''Scoti'' in ancient times, except when writing in Latin.<ref name="OED"/> [[Old Irish]] documents use the term ''Scot'' ([[plural]] ''Scuit'') going back as far as the 9th century; for example, in [[Sanas Cormaic|the glossary]] of [[Cormac mac Cuilennáin]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Meyer, K.|title=Sanas Cormaic: an Old-Irish Glossary compiled by Cormac úa Cuilennáin, King-Bishop of Cashel in the ninth century|url=http://www.dil.ie/results-list.asp?Fuzzy=0&cv=1&searchtext=%28id%20contains%20S%29%20and%20%28column%20contains%20104%29&sortField=ID&sortDIR=65602&respage=0&resperpage=10&bhcp=1|publisher=Dil.ie|access-date=16 February 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Charles Oman|Oman]] derived it from ''Scuit'' (modern Gaelic ''[[wikt:scoith|scoith]]''), meaning someone cut off. He believed it referred to bands of outcast Gaelic raiders, suggesting that the Scots were to the Gaels what the [[Vikings]] were to the [[Norsemen|Norse]].<ref>Charles Oman, ''A History of England before the Norman Conquest'', London, 1910, p. [https://archive.org/stream/englandbeforeno00oman#page/n7/mode/2up 157].</ref><ref>Sir Charles Oman. A History of England before the Norman Conquest.</ref>

The 19th-century author Aonghas MacCoinnich of [[Glasgow]] proposed that ''Scoti'' was derived from a Gaelic [[ethnonym]] (proposed by MacCoinnich) ''Sgaothaich'' from ''sgaoth'' "swarm", plus the [[Morphological derivation|derivational suffix]] ''-ach'' (plural ''-aich'').<ref>MacCoinnich, Aonghas. '''Eachdraidh na h-Alba''' (Glasgow 1867).</ref> However, this proposal to date has not been met with any response in mainstream place-name studies.
Pope Leo X (1513–1521) decreed that the use of the name Scotia be confined to referring to land that is now Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reformation.org/scotia.html|title=Scotia, my Scotia, or bringing back the real Scotland!!|publisher=Reformation.org|access-date=16 February 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085553/http://www.reformation.org/scotia.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Benedict's Fitzpatrick's Ireland and the Foundations of Europe, pp. 376–379.</ref>

Virtually all names for Scotland are based on the ''Scotia'' root (cf. [[Dutch language|Dutch]] ''Schotland'', [[French language|French]] ''Écosse'', [[Czech language|Czech]] ''Skotsko'', [[Zulu language|Zulu]] ''IsiKotilandi'', [[Māori language|Māori]] ''Koterana'', [[Hakka language|Hakka]] ''Sû-kak-làn'', [[Quechua language|Quechua]] ''Iskusya'', [[Turkish language|Turkish]] ''İskoçya'' etc.), either directly or via intermediate languages. The only exceptions are the [[Celtic languages]], where the names are based on the [[Alba]] root; e.g., [[Manx language|Manx]] ''Nalbin'', [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ''Yr Alban", [[Irish language|Irish]] "Albain."