Editing Schaumburg, Illinois (section)

==History==
===19th century===
The village of Schaumburg was incorporated on March 7, 1956, but the heritage of Schaumburg dates back to much earlier times when the first inhabitants of the area were members of the [[Sauk people|Sauk]], [[Meskwaki]], [[Potawatomi]], and [[Kickapoo people|Kickapoo]] Native American peoples. By the mid-19th century, settlers first began to arrive from [[Bonn]], [[Germany]] and the [[eastern United States]]. Many of the Germans came from [[Schaumburg-Lippe]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1117.html|title=Schaumburg, IL|website=Encyclopedia of Chicago|access-date=April 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302035832/http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1117.html|archive-date=March 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> a small princely state now in [[Lower Saxony]].

Legend has it that one of the earliest settlers was Trumball Kent from [[Oswego, New York]].<ref name="Schaumburg's History">{{Cite web|title = Schaumburg's History|url = http://www.ci.schaumburg.il.us/offic/history/Pages/default.aspx|website = Village of Schaumburg |access-date = February 16, 2016|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160208155223/http://www.ci.schaumburg.il.us/offic/history/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date = February 8, 2016}}</ref> Kent, a "Yankee", as settlers from [[New England]] were called in the west, farmed property in the northeast corner of the township. Another Yankee was Horace Williams, who owned substantial lands but lived in the hamlet of Palatine in Palatine Township. Ernst Schween settled in 1835 not far from what used to be called Olde Schaumburg Centre, in what was then and is now known as Sarah's Grove. Another early settler in Schaumburg Township was German-born Johann Sunderlage.<ref name="Schaumburg's History"/> According to one legend, Sunderlage was a member of a survey team that divided Cook County into townships around 1833; according to another legend, he worked on a survey team on the [[Joliet, Illinois|Joliet]] canal. He liked the area so much that, upon completion of the project, he returned to Europe and brought his family and friends from Germany and settled in the area now known as [[Hoffman Estates, Illinois|Hoffman Estates]] in Schaumburg Township around 1836. His home still stands in its original location.

Sunderlage and his family occupied their land in the township until the federal land sale of 1842 allowed them to buy the property and obtain the deed. Sunderlage and Kent represented the predominant groups that settled Schaumburg Township in its early days. In 1840, 56 percent of the township households originated from the eastern United States, while 28 percent were German-born. By the 1850s, the population mix had changed to 28 percent "Yankee" and 48 percent German.

By 1870, Schaumburg Township had become completely German. Land records show that most of the property in the township was owned by German immigrants or their descendants. This pattern emerged as many Yankee "settlers" continued to travel west for the promise of newly opened lands on the [[Great Plains]]. The land they owned in Schaumburg was then purchased by German-born immigrants.

Schaumburg Township remained almost exclusively under German ownership until the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s. The Depression caused the foreclosure on some German-owned farms which were then purchased by non-German individuals and companies. Nonetheless, German heritage remained important in the area. German was the first language of the majority of households until the 1950s.

St. Peter Lutheran Church, the community's oldest [[Christianity|Christian]] church, had services in German as late as 1970. The church remains as a museum, as does the second church of this congregation. Services were first held at the then-existing Rohlwing-Fenz store, at the southwest corner of the intersection of Schaumburg Road and Roselle Road, until their first church building was completed in 1847. The pastor was Francis Hoffman, who walked from the [[Bensenville, Illinois|Bensenville]] area to hold the Christian religious meetings in Schaumburg. He later served as Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. When he retired from the church's ministry, he moved to [[Wisconsin]] where he operated an experimental farm and edited a German-language [[agricultural journalism|agricultural newspaper]]. Other people of the area who were notable in the 1840s included Quindel, Winkelhake, Moeller, Fenz, Kastning, Lichthardt, Meyer, Rohlwing, Thies, Scheiderling, Hattendorf, Nerge, and Freise.

====Sarah's Grove====
The original 1842 township survey names the grove (immediately west of the center of the township, in sections 21 and 22) as Sarah's Grove. Three families lived near a grove of woods on the northwest end of the township, and each family had a woman named Sarah (Sarah McChesney, Sarah Frisbe, and Sarah Smith). At a township meeting in 1850, citizens debated new names for the town. A wealthy landowner named Friedrich Heinrich Nerge, at one point during the meeting, slammed his fist on the table and yelled in [[Low German]], "Schaumburg schall et heiten!" (The English translation: "It will be called Schaumburg!").<!--in the sources "schall" (Low German dialect for English "shall") is misspelled as "ichal", I corrected that. User:Tickle_me --> At that point, the township became officially called Schaumburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.intelligentoffice.com/locations/illinois/schaumburg/schaumburg/the-history-of-the-village-of-schaumburg.aspx|title = The History of the Village of Schaumburg|access-date = January 30, 2014|website = Intelligent Office|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091208115409/http://www.intelligentoffice.com/locations/illinois/schaumburg/schaumburg/the-history-of-the-village-of-schaumburg.aspx|archive-date = December 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.ci.schaumburg.il.us/offic/history/Pages/MoreontheHistoryofSchaumburg.aspx|title = Schaumburg's History - 1800|access-date = December 23, 2014|website = Village of Schaumburg|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141223224318/http://www.ci.schaumburg.il.us/offic/history/Pages/MoreontheHistoryofSchaumburg.aspx|archive-date = December 23, 2014}}</ref>

The name was taken from Grafschaft [[Schaumburg]] (Schaumburg County) in Germany, then a part of [[Electorate of Hessen|Hessen-Kassel]], now in [[Lower Saxony]]. Most of the township's German settlers were from Schaumburg; many were born in the parish of [[Apelern]]. Some came from [[Hannover]], but the people of Schaumburg had more influence.

Schaumburg Township prospered during its early days. The area's main occupation was farming, with potato growing, dairy products and raising cattle as main sources of income. The land was a very large meadow surrounded by extensive wilderness. Wildlife such as geese, ducks, quail, prairie chickens, rabbits, pheasant and deer were abundant. 
In 1858, a small market area emerged at what is now the intersection of Schaumburg and Roselle roads. Schaumburg Center was the market center for the surrounding agricultural producers. It included two general stores, four cheese factories, a cobbler, a tailor, a wagon maker, and a blacksmith.

Most of the early growth in the northeast region of Illinois occurred along the [[Fox Valley (Illinois)|Fox River Valley]] and the major rail lines. Since neither of these transportation networks served Schaumburg Township at the time, the township remained rather isolated. Few roads existed, and several of those were often impassable. To reach a large market, Schaumburg farmers had to travel {{convert|26|mi}} in ox-drawn or horse-drawn wagons to Chicago, which only had about 35,000 inhabitants at that time.

===20th century===
[[File:Schaumburg, Illinois welcome sign.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Schaumburg welcome sign]]
{{Original research section|date=February 2015}}
In 1900, a 50-year anniversary brochure reported the following account: "Schaumburg has the reputation of being the model community of [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]]. Also, the town of Schaumburg is an example of a community for all other towns in Cook County and probably in other counties, too. Schaumburg is prompt in the payment of its taxes; it supports churches and schools; it has also the best roads in the land and – Schaumburg has never had a jail. Finally, it is not just for the settlers only, but also for foreigners."<ref>{{Cite web|title=1900|url=http://www.ci.schaumburg.il.us/offic/history/Pages/1900s.aspx|website=ci.schaumburg.il.us|access-date=February 16, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119101056/http://www.ci.schaumburg.il.us/offic/history/Pages/1900s.aspx|archive-date=November 19, 2015}}</ref>

In 1925, [[O. D. Jennings]], the founder of what was once one of the largest manufacturers of [[slot machine]]s in the United States, purchased a house in the village. It would be his and his wife's home until his death in 1953. On the death of his widow, the house and its surrounding park lands were donated to the village and used as the [[Village hall|Village Hall]] until 1971.

Schaumburg's relative isolation was broken, however, as the automobile became the primary mode of travel. The construction of [[O'Hare International Airport]] near [[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont]] (about 10 miles or 16 km away) in 1955 in what was previously O'Hare field, the construction of the [[Northwest Tollway]] through the farmlands in 1956 and the presence of a technical and business workforce at the [[Pure Oil|Pure Oil Company]] in Schaumburg now put Schaumburg in a location rampant with suburban growth. In response to development pressures, the area encompassing what was known as Schaumburg Centre was incorporated in 1956. At the time of incorporation, the village consisted of two square miles and a population of 130 residents.

Incorporation enabled the village to control its growth and development. Early village leaders are credited with the foresight and planning that has made later economic growth possible. The original comprehensive plan adopted by the Village Board in 1961 reserved large tracts of land for industrial, commercial, and office development; mostly the Woodfield area surrounding what is now [[Woodfield Mall]]. Growth in these sectors has made the village a major employer in the area and the home of Illinois's second-largest retail center.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

Schaumburg's expansion during the 1960s changed the character of the community dramatically. Schaumburg was no longer a quiet rural community. In 1959, [[Alfred Campanelli]] began construction of the first large residential subdivision in the village, known as Weathersfield. This area contains several thousand single-family homes built in 22 stages over two decades. In total, Campanelli constructed over 6,800 housing units or approximately 20% of the village's housing stock.<ref>http://campanelliymca.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223073729/http://campanelliymca.org/ |date=December 23, 2018 }} accessed December 22, 2018.</ref>

In 1967, an apartment complex called International Village (located at the intersection of Meacham and Algonquin roads) was built as Schaumburg's first residential area not entirely occupied by single-family homes. The following year, [[Motorola]] began to construct its corporate headquarters across the street.

During this time, country singer [[Bob Atcher]] ("You Are My Sunshine"), who had become known on [[WLS (AM)|WLS]]' ''[[National Barn Dance]]'' radio program, became the Schaumburg village president. He held that position until 1975.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

In the 1970s, the tremendous growth that had taken place in the previous decade continued. By 1970, the village population had grown to 18,730. That same year, a second expressway, [[Interstate 290 (Illinois)|Interstate 290]], opened on the eastern boundary of the village. This provided another link to Chicago and further enhanced its stature in the eyes of the region's many developers. The following year, Woodfield Mall opened in Schaumburg. During the remainder of the decade, Schaumburg experienced phenomenal commercial, industrial and residential development.

In 1978, the Village Board formally established the Olde Schaumburg Centre Overlay District to preserve the character of the area located at the intersection of Schaumburg and Roselle roads. The Olde Schaumburg Centre Commission, also established in 1978, reviews new development and restoration projects in the district to ensure the continued historic appeal of the area.

By 1980, Schaumburg had expanded to {{convert|18.3|sqmi|km2|1}} of land area, and its population had swelled to 53,305 residents. During the early- and mid-1980s, development focused on large corporate office buildings in the emerging "Woodfield Center" along Golf Road. The late 1980s were characterized by the vast expansion of small manufacturing and warehouse uses in the industrial and business parks in the village's northeast and southwest quadrants. Other development such as large manufacturing facilities, commercial retail centers, and large suite hotels boomed in the 1980s. Schaumburg was profiled in [[Joel Garreau]]'s 1991 book about [[edge city|edge cities]] as, "a suburb conforming to a new form of urban development in which large concentrations of jobs exist, though outside the traditional downtown city centers."

By 1990, Schaumburg's population was increasing at a slower rate as the land available for residential development was rapidly disappearing. The population in 1990 had risen to 68,586, an increase of 15,281 since 1980. Although this was still an impressive growth rate, it was apparent that Schaumburg was nearing its residential capacity within the terms of current land management.

Office development in the 1990s had also slowed. The once booming office market slumped due to the large supply of office space in the northwest suburbs and the limited demand by typical users in the financial, insurance, and real estate sectors. However, the Schaumburg commercial market enjoyed substantial expansion during this period. Since 1990, Schaumburg has witnessed the development of {{convert|2|e6ft2|m2}} of commercial space, including a variety of retail uses. Another mall named One Schaumburg Place and a retail area called Village Green were built in the early 1990s. One Schaumburg Place quickly lost most of its stores, eventually left only a theater and, a few years later, was completely reconstructed into a walkthrough shopping area with an [[AMC Theater]] and [[GameWorks]] as its major businesses. Around the same time, Woodfield Mall underwent a major redesign, adding retail space and removing previous attractions. A [[Nordstrom]] was added to one branch of the mall as well, increasing the number of anchor stores to five. Woodfield Mall is now an international tourist attraction, harboring visitors every day from locations as far away as [[Japan]]. [[IKEA]], an internationally known home furnishings store, opened its {{convert|458000|sqft|m2|-2|adj=on}} Schaumburg location near Woodfield in the late 1990s.

[[File:Schaumburgsummer2003.jpg|thumb|250px|Lakeside at the Schaumburg Prairie Center for the Arts]]
In 1994, the village bought the [[Schaumburg Regional Airport]] from its formerly-private owners and refurbished it with 90% of the funds for the purchase and refurbishment acquired by federal grant, 5% from the [[State of Illinois]], 2.5% [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]] and the village putting up the remaining 2.5%, with the village gaining 100% control of the property.<ref>Village of Schaumburg, Transpiration Committee Minutes, December 4, 1993</ref>

The village finalized the purchase of the Town Square shopping center (also previously known as Olde Town Centre) in 1995, and began a slow, but now complete, redevelopment. The {{convert|27|acre|m2|adj=on}} site at the southwest corner of Schaumburg and Roselle roads has been transformed into a diverse development offering several stores, the [[Schaumburg Township District Library]] (relocated from Bethel Lane), a few other offices and services, such as [[temp agency|temp agencie]]s, and a public amphitheater set in a walk-through area that was designed to be available as a gathering point for citizens. The area also still includes the Trickster Gallery, a museum celebrating the heritage of the Native Americans indigenous to the area. The new development was designed to be "the new downtown", but this largely did not catch on and is primarily used by Schaumburg's government.

Minor league baseball came to the village in the spring of 1999. Alexian Field (named for Alexian Brothers Hospital in the adjacent Elk Grove Village), a 7,365-seat baseball stadium, was built in partnership with the Schaumburg Park District. Alexian Field was home to the [[Schaumburg Flyers]], a member of the independent [[Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)|Northern League]]. The Northern League split after the 2010 season with several teams joining three other independent professional leagues. Alexian Field was without a professional team for the 2011 season but in 2012 became home to the [[Frontier League]]'s [[Schaumburg Boomers]] and was renamed [[Wintrust Field]] in 2021.

===21st century===
In 2000, the village purchased {{convert|45|acre|m2}} next to a short, independent stretch of Meacham Road. This was developed into the Renaissance [[Schaumburg Hotel & Convention Center]].