Editing Satrap (section)

==Etymology==
The word {{lang|en|[[wikt:satrap|satrap]]}} is derived via Latin {{lang|la|satrapes}} from [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{Transliteration|grc|satrápes}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|σατράπης}}), itself borrowed from an [[Old Iranian languages|Old Iranian]] {{Transliteration|ira|*khshathra-pa}}.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url= https://iranicaonline.org/articles/greece-xii |title= Greece xii. Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek |access-date=2024-02-25| encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Iranica| year= 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240225060634/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/greece-xii |archive-date=2024-02-25 |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Old Persian]], which was the native language of the Achaemenids, it is recorded as {{Transliteration|peo|khshathapavan}} ({{wikt-lang|peo|𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠}}, literally "protector of the province"). The [[Median language|Median]] form is reconstructed as {{Transliteration|xme|*khshathrapavan-}}.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/6560686|title=[Towards the Discussion on the Language of the Scythians: The Transition of OIr *xš- &gt; *s- and its Reflection in the Ancient Greek] К дискуссии о языке скифов: переход др.ир. *xš- &gt; *s- и его отражение в древнегреческом|first=Mikhail|last=Bukharin|journal=Проблемы Истории, Филологии, Культуры. 2013. 2. В честь 60-летия В.Д. Кузнецова. С. 263–285.|archive-date=30 October 2021|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030120051/https://www.academia.edu/6560686|url-status=dead}}</ref> Its [[Sanskrit]] cognate is {{Transliteration|sa|kshatrapa}} ({{wikt-lang|sa|क्षत्रप}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kshatrapa, Kṣatrapa, Kshatra-pa: 8 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshatrapa |website=Wisdom Library|date=28 February 2018 }}</ref> The [[Biblical Hebrew]] form is {{Transliteration|he|aḥashdarpan}} {{lang|he|[[:wikt:אחשדרפן|אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפָּן]]|rtl=yes}}, as found in Esther 3:12.<ref>{{bibleverse|Esther|3:12|JPS}} The Bible (Jewish Publication Society, 1917)</ref><ref>{{strong-number|'ăḥašdarpᵊnîm (H323)|H|323}} in [[Strong's Concordance]]</ref>

In the [[Parthian language|Parthian]] (language of the [[Arsacid Empire]]) and [[Middle Persian]] (the language of the [[Sassanian Empire]]), it is recorded in the forms {{Transliteration|xpr|šahrab}} and {{Transliteration|pal|šasab}}, respectively.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| title= šasab| first= David Neil | last= MacKenzie| author-link= David Neil MacKenzie| encyclopedia= A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary| year= 1971| publisher= | isbn= | page= }}</ref>

In [[Persian language|modern Persian]] the descendant of {{Transliteration|xme|*khshathrapavan}} is {{Transliteration|fa|shahrbān}} ({{lang|fa|شهربان|rtl=yes}}), but the components have undergone [[semantic shift]] so the word now means "town keeper" ({{Transliteration|fa|shahr}} {{wikt-lang|fa|شهر|rtl=yes}} meaning "town" + {{Transliteration|fa|bān}} {{wikt-lang|fa|بان|rtl=yes}} meaning "keeper").{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}