Editing Saratoga, California (section)

==History==
[[File:USA-Saratoga-Paul Masson Mountain Winery-1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Mountain Winery]], founded by noted viticulturist [[Paul Masson]] in 1901.]]
[[File:Architect and engineer (1920) (14803082673) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Villa Montalvo]] (now Montalvo Art Center), the historic estate of [[James D. Phelan]], is named after [[Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo]], who [[Etymology of California|named California]].]]
The area comprising Saratoga was earlier inhabited by the [[Ohlone]] Native Americans.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.saratogahistory.com/History/bibliography.htm| title=Saratoga Bibliography for Researchers and Students | website=Saratoga Historical Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://saratogachamber.org/history-of-saratoga-our-rich-heritage/| title=History of Saratoga – Our Rich Heritage | website=Saratoga Chamber of Commerce}}</ref> In 1847, European settlers created a settlement at what is now Saratoga when William Campbell (father of Benjamin Campbell, the founder of nearby [[Campbell, California]]), constructed a [[sawmill]] about {{convert|2.5|mi|km}} southeast of the present downtown area. An early map noted the area as Campbell's Gap.

In 1851, Martin McCarthy, who had leased the mill, built a [[toll road]] down to the [[Santa Clara Valley]] and founded what is now Saratoga as ''McCarthysville''.<ref name="Gudde">{{cite book |title=California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names |author=Erwin G. Gudde, William T. Bright |year=2004 |publisher=University of California Press |page=351 |isbn=978-0-520-24217-3  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kqwt5RlMVBoC&q=congress |access-date=October 30, 2010 }}</ref> The toll gate was located at the present-day intersection of Big Basin Way and 3rd St., giving the town its first widely used name: ''Toll Gate''. During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. a woman showed her support for the South by wearing a [[Confederate flag]] with the motto ''"Shall we not protect our cotton?”'' <ref>''Mountain Democrat'', 19 October 1861</ref> to a local [[Ballroom|ball]]. This caused quite stir in the area.<ref>''Shasta Courier'', 2 November 1861</ref> In 1867 the town received a [[post office]] under the name of ''McCarthysville''.

Early residents, who moved to Saratoga in 1881, were Mary Brown (1816–1884), widow of the abolitionist [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]]; her daughters Sarah and Ellen; and the husband of the latter, James Fablinger. All of them are buried in the [[Madronia Cemetery]].<ref name=Widow>{{cite news
|title=John Brown's Widow Came to Red Bluff in 1864 (pt. 2 of 2)
|newspaper=[[Red Bluff Tehama County Daily News]] ([[Red Bluff, California]])
|date=December 5, 1929
|page=4
|via=[[newspapers.com]]
|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/95731819/john-browns-widow-in-red-bluff-pt-2/}}</ref>

The town soon industrialized with the building of a [[furniture]] factory, [[grist mill]], [[tanning (leather)|tannery]], and [[paper]] factory. To commemorate this newfound productivity, the town was renamed again in 1863 as ''Bank Mills''. In the 1850s, Jud Caldwell discovered [[spring (hydrosphere)|spring]]s which were called ''Pacific Congress Springs'' because the water had a [[mineral]] content similar to ''Congress Springs'' in [[Saratoga Springs, New York|Saratoga Springs]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. In 1865 the town received its final name, ''Saratoga'', after the city in New York. At the same time a resort [[hotel]] called ''Congress Hall'' was constructed at the springs, named after the famous resort ''Congress Hall'' at Saratoga Springs, New York. California's ''Congress Hall'' attracted [[tourists]] to the area until it burned down in 1903.<ref name="Gudde" /> These events would eventually lead to Saratoga being listed as a [[California Historical Landmark]] in 1950.<ref name=CHL>{{cite ohp|435|Saratoga|2012-10-14}}</ref>

Saratoga became [[agricultural]] likemuch of the rest of the valley; a few [[vineyards]] and [[orchards]] from this period remain today. The [[Miller-Melone Ranch]] is the last remaining prune ranch home in Saratoga and was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on April 1, 1993.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 1, 1993 |title=Miller-Melone Ranch |url=https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/Detail/N1822 |access-date=January 7, 2024 |publisher=Office of Historic Preservation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 1, 1993 |title=National Register of Historic Places for the Miller/Melone Ranch |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/e4677984-089c-420e-ba52-8a36e21505a9/ |access-date=January 7, 2024 |publisher=United States Department of the Interior |place=Saratoga, California}}</ref> After [[World War II]], the town quickly became [[urbanization|urbanized]], and it [[municipal corporation|incorporated]] in 1956 mostly to avoid being [[annexation|annexed]] by [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]. A slogan during the campaign to incorporate the city of Saratoga was "Keep it rural," according to historian Willys I. Peck. Today the city serves as a [[bedroom community]] for [[upper class]] [[Silicon Valley]] tech workers and executives.<ref>{{cite book|author=Willys I. Peck|title=Saratoga stereopticon|year=1997 |url=https://archive.org/details/saratogastereopt0000peck/|pages=14–15|publisher=California History Center & Foundation |isbn=9780935089219 }}</ref>

Saratoga drew notoriety for the [[suicide of Audrie Pott]], a 15-year-old [[Saratoga High School (California)|Saratoga High School]] student, September 2012. The three teenagers who were charged with sexually assaulting Pott pleaded guilty and served time in [[juvenile hall]] for the sexual assault.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/3-Boys-Plead-Guilty-to-Sexually-Assaulting-Audrie-Pott-240379051.html|title=3 Boys Plead Guilty to Sexually Assaulting Audrie Pott|work=[[NBC Bay Area]]|last=Sanchez|first=Kris|date=January 15, 2014|access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/07/28/audrie-pott-settlement-remains-unfulfilled-in-wrongful-death-case/|title=Audrie Pott: Settlement remains unfulfilled in wrongful death case|work=[[The Mercury News]]|last=Benz|first=Kellie Ann|date=July 29, 2017|access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.audriepottfoundation.com/|title=Audrie Pott Foundation|access-date=July 30, 2017}}</ref> Saratoga High School is depicted in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s 2022 film ''[[The Fabelmans]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2022/12/03/steven-spielbergs-classmates-reveal-fictions-in-fabelmans/ |title=No girlfriend! Spielberg's classmates reveal fictions in 'Fabelmans'|work=[[New York Post]]|last=Kaplan|first=Michael|date=December 3, 2022|access-date=April 5, 2023}}</ref>