Editing Sarah Winnemucca (section)

==Early life and family==
Born "somewhere near 1844" at [[Humboldt Lake]] in what is now western [[Nevada]], Sarah Winnemucca was the daughter of [[Winnemucca (Paiute leader)|Winnemucca]] (''Poito''), a [[Shoshone]] who had joined the Paiute through marriage,<ref name="omer"/> and his wife ''Tuboitonie''.<ref name="omer"/> Her father was an influential war chief of a small band of about 150 [[Northern Paiute]] people.{{sfn|Canfield|1988|p=94}}<ref>Senier, S. (2001). ''Voices of American Indian Assimilation and Resistance: Helen Hunt Jackson, Sarah Winnemucca, Victoria Howard.''</ref><ref>Zanjani, S. (2004). ''Sarah Winnemucca.'' University of Nebraska Press.</ref>{{efn|Although Sarah later said that her father was chief of all of the [[Northern Paiute]], the Paiute had no such centralized leadership.}} The town of [[Winnemucca, Nevada]] was named after her father.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Silver State (Winnemucca, Nev.) 1909-1925 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/sn86076247/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. }}</ref> Winnemucca's grandfather, ''Tru-ki-zo'' or ''[[Truckee (chief)|Truckee]]'', had established positive relations with the European Americans who started exploring in the area. He guided Captain [[John C. Frémont]] during his 1843–45 survey and map-making expedition across the [[Great Basin]] to California. Later, Truckee fought in the [[Mexican–American War]] (1846–1848), earning many white friends and leading the way for his extended family's relationships with European Americans.{{sfn|Canfield|1988|p=4}}

Sarah had an older sister Mary,{{sfn|Canfield|1988|p=44}}  younger brother Natchez,<ref name="omer"/> and sister Elma.{{sfn|Canfield|1988|p=49}} She and her family spent her early childhood in eastern Oregon and western Nevada.<ref name="Eves">{{Cite magazine |last=Eves |first=Rosalyn  |date=July 27, 2016 |title=Sarah Winnemucca Devoted Her Life to Protecting Native Americans in the Face of an Expanding United States |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/sarah-winnemucca-devoted-life-protecting-lives-native-americans-face-expanding-united-states-180959930/ |magazine=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> She learned the ways of her people, including fishing and gathering plants.<ref name="Eves" /> At the age of six, Winnemucca traveled with her family to near [[Stockton, California]], where the adults worked in the cattle industry. In 1857, her grandfather arranged for Winnemucca (then 13) and her sister Elma to live and work in the household of [[William Ormsby]] and his wife; he had a hotel and was a civic leader of [[Carson City, Nevada]]. The couple wanted a companion for their daughter, Lizzie. The Winnemucca girls also did domestic work in the house. They had a chance to improve their English and learn more about European-American ways.{{sfn|Canfield|1988|p=11}} After having some time to assimilate the difference between the two cultures,<ref name="Eves" /> Winnemucca particularly began to be at ease in going back and forth between Paiute and European-American culture. She was one of the few Paiute in Nevada who knew how to read and write English, and her family all spoke English.<ref name="omer" /> She took on the English name Sarah. Winnemucca also spoke Spanish.<ref name="Eves" />