Jump to content
Main menu
Main menu
move to sidebar
hide
Navigation
Main page
Recent changes
Random page
Help about MediaWiki
Special pages
Niidae Wiki
Search
Search
Appearance
Create account
Log in
Personal tools
Create account
Log in
Pages for logged out editors
learn more
Contributions
Talk
Editing
San Juan Capistrano, California
(section)
Page
Discussion
English
Read
Edit
View history
Tools
Tools
move to sidebar
hide
Actions
Read
Edit
View history
General
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Appearance
move to sidebar
hide
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==History== [[File:San_Juan_Capistrano,_California_(c._1806).jpg|thumb|left|The Spanish founded San Juan Capistrano in 1776, when [[Saint Junípero Serra]] established [[Mission San Juan Capistrano]].]] === Indigenous === The region was populated by the [[Acjachemen]], referred to by the Spanish as ''Juaneños'', an [[Indigenous Californian]] nation. They lived in the area for approximately 10,000 years, with some of their oldest villages being confirmed as over 9,600 years old.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Gottlieb |first=Alma |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/780446639 |title=The restless anthropologist : new fieldsites, new visions |date=2012 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-30497-7 |location=Chicago |pages=63–65 |oclc=780446639}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Gilio-Whitaker |first=Dina |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1044542033 |title=As long as grass grows : the indigenous fight for environmental justice, from colonization to Standing Rock |date=2019 |isbn=978-0-8070-7378-0 |location=Boston, Massachusetts |pages=132 |oclc=1044542033}}</ref> The mother village of [[Putuidem]] was located in what is now San Juan Capistrano, as well as the village of [[Acjacheme]].<ref name="lat">{{cite web |date=November 27, 2002 |title=New Church-Indian Divide |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-27-ed-indian27-story.html |access-date=January 12, 2021 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> ===Spanish era=== The settlement that today is San Juan Capistrano began in 1776 when the Spanish [[Franciscan]] missionary [[Junípero Serra]] founded [[Mission San Juan Capistrano]], the seventh of the [[Spanish missions in California]]. The mission was built less than 60 yards from the native village of [[Acjacheme]], which was exploited as a source of labor for the mission.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=O'Neil |first1=Stephen |last2=Evans |first2=Nancy H. |date=1980 |title=Notes on Historical Juaneno Villages and Geographical Features |url=https://docplayer.net/220219100-Uc-merced-journal-of-california-and-great-basin-anthropology.html |journal=UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=226–232}}</ref> The mission was named after Saint [[John of Capistrano]], a 14th-15th century Franciscan saint. The [[1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake]] resulted in the deaths of thirty-nine [[Acjachemen]] people, thirty-one of whom were women, when the stone church at the Mission collapsed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vélez |first=Karin |date=October 2, 2017 |title=Stones and Bones: Catholic Responses to the 1812 Collapse of the Mission Church of Capistrano |journal=Material Religion |language=en |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=437–460 |doi=10.1080/17432200.2017.1379375 |issn=1743-2200|doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Mexican era=== [[File:Ruins of San Juan Capistrano (1876).jpg|thumb|left|Ruins of the [[Mission San Juan Capistrano#The Great Stone Church|Great Stone Church]] at Mission San Juan Capistrano, 1876]] The Mexican [[Congress of the Union]] enacted the [[Mexican secularization act of 1833|secularization of the Californian missions]] in 1833. In the mission period, 4,317 natives had been baptized at the mission (1,689 adults and 2,628 children). In that same period, 3,158 of those baptized had died. Some of the native people who survived the mission period continued to live at the mission for a short period after the secularization act, while others settled in the surrounding areas.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/647873186 |title=Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico. Volume III, N to S |date=2003 |publisher=Digital Scanning |others=Frederick Webb Hodge |isbn=978-1-58218-755-6 |location=Scituate, MA |pages=445–446 |oclc=647873186}}</ref> Each mission was appointed an administrator to oversee the transfer of the missions and their lands from the [[Franciscan Order]] to the Mexican authorities. [[Santiago Argüello]], a member of a prominent family of [[Californios]], was appointed administrator of Mission San Juan Capistrano. During his tenure, the community was briefly renamed "San Juan de Argüello", similar to what happened to [[San Juan Bautista, California|San Juan Bautista]] in [[Northern California]], which was briefly renamed "San Juan de Castro" after its administrator [[José Castro]]. In 1844, Don [[Juan Forster]] and James McKinley purchased the former Mission San Juan Capistrano at public auction. Forster made his home there until 1864, when the mission was returned to the Catholic Church by President [[Abraham Lincoln]]. ===American era=== [[File:San Juan Capistrano railway station c.1895.jpg|thumb|left|[[San Juan Capistrano station]], 1895]] [[File:Hotel Capistrano, San Juan Capistrano (3042364270).jpg|thumb|left|San Juan Capistrano in the 1940s]] Following the American [[Conquest of California]], San Juan remained a relatively small and rural community until the end of the 19th century. The It was considered an American town and incorporated into Orange County in 1876.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bright |first=William |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ppgg5?turn_away=true |title=1500 California Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, A Revised version of1000 California Place Namesby Erwin G. Gudde, Third edition |date=1998 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-21271-8 |edition=1 |doi=10.1525/j.ctt1ppgg5.5}}</ref> Padre O'Sullivan arrived in San Juan Capistrano in 1910 to recuperate from a recent stroke. He became fascinated by Mission San Juan Capistrano and soon set to work on rebuilding it a section at a time. O'Sullivan repaired the roof of the Serra Chapel using [[California sycamore]] logs to match those that were used in the original work. He brought in architect Arthur B. Benton of Los Angeles to strengthen the chapel walls through the addition of heavy [[masonry]] [[buttress]]es. The centerpiece of the chapel restoration was its ''[[retablo]]'', imported from Barcelona in 1806 and donated by the Bishop of Los Angeles. The restoration of the mission resulted in the town's emergence as a tourist destination, owing to its historic architectural style and proximity to the sea. The mission was used often in Hollywood productions, such as [[D. W. Griffith]]'s 1910 [[Western (genre)|western film]] ''[[The Two Brothers (film)|The Two Brothers]]'', the first film ever shot in Orange County. San Juan was incorporated as a city on April 19, 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |title = California Cities by Incorporation Date |format = Word |publisher = California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s |access-date = August 25, 2014 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |archive-date = November 3, 2014 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> From 2009 to 2017, the [[cliff swallow]]s did not make their famous [[Mission San Juan Capistrano#Return of the swallows|annual springtime return]] to Mission San Juan Capistrano, instead migrating to the [[Chino Hills]], north of San Juan.<ref>{{cite news |last=Esquivel |first=Paloma |date=March 25, 2009 |title=Another year without swallows – Festival goes on without birds at historic mission |url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/03/25/another_year_without_swallows/ |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |location=[[Boston]] |access-date= September 30, 2014}}</ref> The swallows changed their route because the Mission is no longer the tallest building in the area due to [[urban sprawl]], and thus stopped attracting the swallows for nesting.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 7, 2010 |title=Famed swallows of Capistrano nest in country club |url=http://www.scpr.org/news/2010/06/06/15902/famed-swallows-capistrano-nest-country-club/ |newspaper= The [[Associated Press]] (via Southern Carolina Public Radio)|location=[[New York City]] |access-date=September 30, 2014 }}</ref> Mission San Juan Capistrano embarked on a program to facilitate the return of the swallows, first by using swallow calls to attract the birds and then by building artificial swallow nests for the birds to use.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.missionsjc.com/about/swallows-legend/|title=Swallows Legend - Mission San Juan Capistrano|work=Mission San Juan Capistrano|access-date=May 13, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> As of 2017, the swallows have returned home to Mission San Juan Capistrano and are still celebrated each year at the town's annual Swallows Day Parade and Mercado Street Fair. In 2018, the town celebrated its 80th annual Swallows Day Parade and Fiesta de las Golondrinas ({{langx|es|Festival of the Swallows}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.swallowsparade.com/|title=San Juan Capistrano Fiesta Association|website=San Juan Capistrano Fiesta Association|language=en-US|access-date=May 13, 2018}}</ref>
Summary:
Please note that all contributions to Niidae Wiki may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here.
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see
Encyclopedia:Copyrights
for details).
Do not submit copyrighted work without permission!
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Search
Search
Editing
San Juan Capistrano, California
(section)
Add topic