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== History == ===''La Toma'': The Official Act of Possession=== In 1598, [[Juan de Oñate]], a [[Spanish people|Spanish]] nobleman and [[conquistador]] born in [[Zacatecas]], Mexico, led a group of 539 colonists and 7,000 head of livestock (including horses, oxen, and cattle) from southern [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] to settle the [[province of New Mexico]]. The caravan traveled a northeasterly route for weeks across the desert until it reached the banks of the Rio Grande in the San Elizario area. A mass was held, a blessing of the standard and a celebration. Oñate performed the ceremony of ''[[La Toma]]'' ("Taking Possession"), in which he claimed the new province for King [[Philip II of Spain]]. This is considered to be the "Birth of the [[American Southwest]]".{{cn|date=July 2024}} === Hacienda de los Tiburcios === The settlement that became San Elizario was first established sometime before 1760 as the civilian settlement of Hacienda de los Tiburcios. The hacienda was located along the route of [[Camino Real de Tierra Adentro]] southeast of Socorro on the west bank of the Rio Grande. The hacienda was eventually abandoned by the 1770s.<ref name=Torok/>{{rp|46–47}} === Presidio San Elzeario === In 1789, the site of the old hacienda Tiburcios became the new site where the Spaniards relocated a fort called [[Presidio de San Elzeario]]. It had originally been established in 1774, located farther south in the [[El Paso Valley]] near the site of modern [[El Porvenir, Chihuahua|El Porvenir]]. It had been moved north to be better able to protect the Camino Real and the towns of to its north, [[Socorro, Texas|Socorro]] and [[Ysleta, Texas|Ysleta]].<ref name=Torok>Torok, George D., From the Pass to the Pueblos, El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail, Sunstone Press, Santa Fe, 2012</ref>{{rp|46}} The town that grew up around the presidio took its name San Elzeario, or San Elceario (Spanish for Saint Elzear); [[Elzéar of Sabran|Saint Elzéar of Sabran]] is the Roman Catholic patron saint of soldiers. After the Americans acquired the town at the end of the [[Mexican American War]], its name was Americanized as San Elizario.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hjs05|title=SAN ELIZARIO, TX|first=KOHOUT, MARTIN|last=DONELL|date=15 June 2010|website=www.tshaonline.org|access-date=7 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.epcounty.com/history/missiontrail.htm |title=Epcounty.com - History - Mission Trail |access-date=2013-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022062117/http://www.epcounty.com/history/missiontrail.htm |archive-date=2010-10-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Torok/>{{rp|46–47}} === San Elizario === San Elizario was El Paso County's original county seat. ====Salt War==== In 1877, a conflict, the [[San Elizario Salt War|Salt War]], broke out between the town and a troop of [[Texas State Guard|Texas Rangers]]. The Rangers surrendered and two were massacred by the local population. The perpetrators then fled into Mexico and the town lost much of its status. ==== Incorporation ==== San Elizario was incorporated several times between 1871 and 1911, with another unsuccessful attempt at incorporation made in 1986.<ref name="elpasotimes.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_25737789/san-elizario-mayoral-candidate-maya-sanchez-has-large |title=Maya Sanchez wins San Elizario mayoral bid - el Paso Times |access-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140706140302/http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_25737789/san-elizario-mayoral-candidate-maya-sanchez-has-large |archive-date=2014-07-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On November 5, 2013, San Elizario residents voted to re-incorporate the town, having successfully fought off an attempt by Socorro to annex a portion of it, and San Elizario was officially incorporated when El Paso County Judge [[Veronica Escobar]] signed an order of incorporation on November 18, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_24547098/san-elizario-is-officially-incorporated |title=San Elizario is officially incorporated - el Paso Times |access-date=2013-11-19 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131119043422/http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_24547098/san-elizario-is-officially-incorporated |archive-date=2013-11-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On May 10, 2014, Maya Sanchez, who led the push to incorporate San Elizario, was elected mayor by a wide margin over two other candidates, while Leticia Hurtado-Miranda, David Cantu, Miguel Najera, Jr., Rebecca Martinez-Juarez, and George Almanzar were elected to the five city council seats.<ref name="elpasotimes.com"/>
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