Editing Salem, Ohio (section)

==History==
Salem was founded by a New Jersey clockmaker, Zadok Street, and a Pennsylvanian potter, John Straughan, in 1806. The city was named after [[Salem, New Jersey]], Street's native community. The name Salem itself is a [[Salem (Bible)|biblical derivative]] of [[Jerusalem]] in the [[Middle East]], which means "city of peace".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityofsalemohio.org/community/salem-ohio-history/|title=Salem Ohio History|access-date=October 20, 2021}}</ref> The city's early settlers included the [[Religious Society of Friends]], also known as Quakers, which the local school district's sports teams honor by referring to themselves collectively as the Salem Quakers.<ref>The girls' and boys' teams' individual mascots are known as the "Quaker Lady" (or "Quaker Sadie") and "Quaker Sam," respectively.</ref><ref>The team nickname (and, possibly, the American tradition of placing the word "Fighting" in front of such nicknames) was noted by ''USA Today'' as one of several "that could be considered offensive". See "What's in a Nickname?" ''USA Today'', October 23, 1991, Sports section, 06C.</ref> Salem was incorporated in 1830.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeA4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA208 | title=History of Columbiana County, Ohio: With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers | publisher=Unigraphic | author=Mack, Horace | year=1879 | pages=208}}</ref>

Salem was a center of [[abolitionist]] and [[suffragist]] activity in the 19th century. ''[[The Anti-Slavery Bugle]]'', an abolitionist newspaper, was published in Salem beginning in 1845.<ref>[http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83035487/ ''Anti-Slavery Bugle''], Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress.</ref> A local group of the [[Progressive Friends]], an association of Quakers who separated from the main body partly to be freer to work for such causes as abolitionism and [[women's rights]], formed in Salem in 1849.<ref>Thomas, Allen C., (November 1920).  "Congregational or Progressive Friends".  ''Bulletin of Friends' Historical Society of Philadelphia'', Vol. 10, No. 1. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GEBHAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA28 p. 28].</ref> The local school board at that time was composed entirely of abolitionists.<ref>Isenberg (1998), [https://books.google.com/books?id=l3wSH1AcTn8C&pg=PA216 p. 216].</ref> Salem was the site of an annual conference, the Anti-Slavery Fair, whose purpose was to raise money for anti-slavery activities.<ref>{{cite news |title=An Ohio Man's Story |newspaper=[[St. Louis Globe-Democrat]] ([[St. Louis, Missouri]]) |date=April 22, 1888 |page=32
|via=[[newspapers.com]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68891600/coppocs-tomb-john-browns-raid/}}</ref> The [[Daniel Howell Hise House]] and [[John Street House]] were stops on the [[Underground Railroad]].<ref name="street">{{cite web|url=https://www.wkbn.com/hidden-history/black-history-month/underground-railroad-homes-still-exist-in-salem/ |title=Underground Railroad homes still exist in Salem |author=Thompson, Jacob |publisher=WKBN |date=February 23, 2024 |access-date=April 3, 2025 }}</ref><ref name="unserheim">{{cite web|url=https://www.farmanddairy.com/news/salem-abolitionists-efforts-saluted/5031.html |title=Salem abolitionist’s efforts saluted |publisher=Farm and Dairy |date=May 8, 2003 |access-date=April 3, 2025 }}</ref>

In April 1850, Salem hosted the first [[Ohio Women's Convention at Salem in 1850|Women's Rights Convention in Ohio]], the third such convention in the United States (the first two being the [[Seneca Falls Convention]] and [[Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848]]). The Salem Convention was the first of these conventions to be organized on a statewide basis.<ref>Wellman, Judith (2008). [https://www.nps.gov/wori/learn/historyculture/upload/_7-HRS-SectionI-10-18-08-printed-1EBA.pdf "The Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention and the Origin of the Women's Rights Movement"], pp. 15, 84. National Park Service, Women's Rights National Historical Park. Wellman is identified as the author of this document [https://www.nps.gov/wori/learn/historyculture/research.htm here].</ref> All the convention officers were women. Men were not allowed to vote, sit on the platform, or speak during the convention. The male spectators were supportive, however, and when the convention was over, they created an organization of their own and endorsed the actions of the women's convention.<ref>Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; Anthony, Susan B.; Gage, Matilda Joslyn (1881). ''History of Woman Suffrage'', [https://archive.org/stream/historyofwomansu01stanuoft#page/110/mode/2up p. 110]. Volume 1 of 6. Rochester, NY: Susan B. Anthony (Charles Mann Press).</ref>

Advantageously located between [[Cleveland]] and [[Pittsburgh]], Salem thrived on an industrial-based economy in the 19th and 20th centuries. For several decades, Salem's largest employers included [[American Standard Brands]], Eljer, Mullins Manufacturing,<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 9, 2016|title=History of Mullins Manufacturing Corporation|url=https://mahoninghistory.org/2016/02/09/history-of-mullins-manufacturing-corporation/|access-date=February 3, 2021|website=Mahoning Valley Historical Society|language=en-US}}</ref> Deming Pump, and Salem China. Today, American Standard retains production in the city, as well as the Fresh Mark meat production facility and several tool-and-die manufacturers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FRESH MARK, INC. – Salem Area Chamber of Commerce|url=http://www.salemohiochamber.org/directory/fresh-mark-inc/|access-date=February 3, 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>