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==History== ===Origins=== Sagrada Família was inspired by a bookseller, {{Interlanguage link|José María Bocabella|es|José María Bocabella}}, founder of Asociación Espiritual de Devotos de San José (Spiritual Association of Devotees of St. Joseph). After a visit to the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] in 1872, Bocabella returned from [[Italy]] with the intention of building a church inspired by [[Basilica della Santa Casa|the basilica at Loreto]]. The [[apse]] crypt of the church, funded by donations, was begun 19 March 1882, on the festival of St. Joseph, to the design of the architect [[Francisco de Paula del Villar y Lozano|Francisco de Paula del Villar]], whose plan was for a [[Gothic revival]] church of a standard form. The apse crypt was completed before Villar's resignation on 18 March 1883, when Antoni Gaudí assumed responsibility for its design, which he changed radically.<ref name="gbc">{{cite web |url=http://www.gaudiclub.com/ingles/i_vida/i_sagr.html |title=Sagrada Família| website=The Gaudí & Barcelona Club}}</ref> Gaudí began work on the church in 1883 but was not appointed Architect Director until 1884.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} [[File:(Barcelona) The Beggars Cathedral by Joaquim Mir - Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya.jpg|thumb|left|''The Cathedral of the Paupers'', by [[Joaquim Mir]], 1898|alt=Painting. Close to the viewer there is an asymmetrical beggar with a crutch sitting on the floor and looking to the viewer. To the right, a mother with two children sits. Behind them, there are other figures and sunlit blocks of white stone. In the background, the unfinished cathedral.]] ===20th century=== On the subject of the extremely long construction period, Gaudí is said to have remarked: "My client is not in a hurry."<ref name="Time" /> When Gaudí died in 1926, the basilica was between 15 and 25 percent complete.<ref name="nyt1" /><ref name="nyt2">{{cite news |title=ARCHITECTURE: Gaudí's Unfinished Masterpiece Is Virtually Complete |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Valerie |last=Gladstone |date=22 August 2004 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/22/arts/architecture-gaudi-s-unfinished-masterpiece-is-virtually-complete.html?scp=10&sq=gaudi%20sagrada%20familia&st=cse |url-access=subscription}}</ref> After Gaudí's death, work continued under the direction of his main disciple [[Domènec Sugrañes i Gras]] until interrupted by the [[Spanish Civil War]] in 1936. Parts of the unfinished basilica and Gaudí's models and workshop were destroyed during the war. The present design is based on reconstructed versions of the plans that were burned in a fire as well as on modern adaptations.<ref name=Grdn2024/> Since 1940, the architects Francesc Quintana, [[Isidre Puig Boada]], [[Lluís Bonet i Garí]] and Francesc Cardoner have carried on the work. The [[Lighting|illumination]] was designed by [[Carles Buïgas]]. The director until 2012 was the son of Lluís Bonet, Jordi Bonet i Armengol. Armengol began introducing computers into the design and construction process in the 1980s.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} === 21st century === [[File:ES-BCN-sagr-fam-mod-01 - updated.jpg|thumb|In this model, the remaining parts to be built are shown in brown (2025).|left]] [[File:Sagrada familia construction differences.jpg|thumb|New stonework at Sagrada Família (left) is visible against the stained and weathered older sections (right).]] The central [[nave]] [[Vault (architecture)|vaulting]] was completed in 2000 and the main tasks since then have been the construction of the [[transept]] vaults and [[apse]]. In 2002, the [[Sagrada Família Schools]] building was relocated from the eastern corner of the site to the southern corner, and began housing an exhibition. The school was originally designed by Gaudí in 1909 for the children of the construction workers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2019 |title=Schools at the Sagrada Família: an example of the relationship between geometry and mechanics |url=https://blog.sagradafamilia.org/en/divulgation/schools-at-the-sagrada-familia/ |website=Blog Sagrada Família}}</ref> {{As of|2006}}, work concentrated on the crossing and supporting structure for the main steeple of [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]] as well as the southern enclosure of the central nave, which will become the Glory façade. [[CAD/CAM|Computer-aided design]] technology has allowed stone to be shaped off-site by a [[Numerical control|CNC milling]] machine, whereas in the 20th century the stone was carved by hand.<ref>{{cite web |last=Daniel |first=Paul |title=Diamond tools help shape the Sagrada Família |url=http://www.idr-online.com/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=UJzG5idLJyg%3D&tabid=58&mid=476&language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001012439/http://www.idr-online.com/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=UJzG5idLJyg%3D&tabid=58&mid=476&language=en-GB |archive-date=1 October 2011 |access-date=7 July 2010 |work=Industrial Diamond Review}}</ref> In 2008, some renowned Catalan architects advocated halting construction<ref>{{cite news |last=Fancelli |first=Agustí |date=4 December 2008 |title=¿Por qué no parar la Sagrada Familia? |language=es |trans-title=Why not stop the Sagrada Familia? |newspaper=[[El País]] |location=Madrid |url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/parar/Sagrada/Familia/elpepicul/20081204elpepicul_4/Tes |access-date=7 July 2010}} ([https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A//www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/parar/Sagrada/Familia/elpepicul/20081204elpepicul_4/Tes&hl=en&langpair=auto%7Cen&tbb=1&ie=ISO-8859-1 English tr.])</ref> to respect Gaudí's original designs, which, although they were not exhaustive and were partially destroyed, have been partially reconstructed in recent years.<ref name="Burry">{{cite book |last1=Burry |first1=Mark |title=Gaudí Unseen |last2=Gaudí |first2=Antoni |publisher=Jovis Verlag |year=2007 |isbn=978-3-939633-78-5 |location=Berlin}}</ref> Since 2013, [[AVE]] high-speed trains have passed near Sagrada Família through a [[Tunnel of Provença|tunnel]] that runs beneath the centre of Barcelona. The tunnel's construction, which began on 26 March 2010, was controversial. The Ministry of Public Works of Spain ({{lang|es|Ministerio de Fomento}}) claimed the project posed no risk to the church.<ref name="tbm">{{cite news |last=Comorera |first=Ramon |date=13 October 2010 |title=La tuneladora del AVE perfora ya a cuatro metros de la Sagrada Família |language=es |trans-title=The tunnel boring machine of the AVE is already excavating four meters from the Sagrada Família |newspaper=El Periódico de Catalunya |location=Barcelona |url=http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/barcelona/20101013/sagrada-familia-pasa-primer-test-del-ave/530676.shtml |access-date=9 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=ADIF (Administrator of Railway Infrastructures) |title=Madrid – Zaragoza Barcelona – French Border Line Barcelona Sants-Sagrera – high-speed tunnel |url=http://www.adif.es/en_US/infraestructuras/lineas_de_alta_velocidad/madrid_barcelona_frontera_francesa/tunel_sagrera.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621024109/http://www.adif.es/en_US/infraestructuras/lineas_de_alta_velocidad/madrid_barcelona_frontera_francesa/tunel_sagrera.shtml |archive-date=21 June 2010 |access-date=9 November 2010}}</ref> Sagrada Família engineers and architects disagreed, saying there was no guarantee that the tunnel would not affect the stability of the building. The Board of the Sagrada Família ({{lang|es|Patronat de la Sagrada Família}}) and the neighborhood association {{lang|es|AVE pel Litoral}} (AVE by the Coast) led a campaign against this route for the AVE, without success.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} In October 2010, the [[tunnel boring machine]] reached the church underground under the location of the building's principal façade.<ref name="tbm" /> Service through the tunnel was inaugurated on 8 January 2013.<ref name="AVEopen">{{cite news |date=8 January 2013 |title=El AVE alcanza Girona |url=http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/sociedad/ave-alcanza-girona-2288906 |access-date=8 January 2013 |language=es |newspaper=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |location=Barcelona}}</ref> Track in the tunnel makes use of a system by Edilon Sedra in which the rails are embedded in an elastic material to dampen vibrations.<ref name="Periodico_2012-03-11A">{{cite news |last=Comorera |first=Ramon |date=12 March 2012 |title=Doble aislante de vibraciones en las obras de Gaudí |language=es |trans-title=Double Isolation of Vibrations at the Gaudí constructions |newspaper=El Periódico de Catalunya |location=Barcelona |url=http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/barcelona/doble-aislante-vibraciones-las-obras-gaudi-1526442 |access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref> The main nave was covered and an organ installed in mid-2010, allowing the still-unfinished building to be used for liturgies.<ref name="elpais">{{cite news |last=Montañés |first=José Ángel |date=2009-03-12 |title=La Sagrada Familia se abrirá al culto en septiembre de 2010 |language=es |work=El País |location=Madrid |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2009/03/13/catalunya/1236910039_850215.html |access-date=2022-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020092944/https://elpais.com/diario/2009/03/13/catalunya/1236910039_850215.html |archive-date=20 October 2012 |issn=1134-6582}}</ref> The church was [[Consecration|consecrated]] by Pope [[Benedict XVI]] on 7 November 2010 in front of a congregation of 6,500{{nbsp}}people.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 November 2010 |title=Pope Benedict consecrates Barcelona's Sagrada Familia |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11705036}}</ref> A further 50,000 people followed the consecration [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] from outside the basilica, where more than 100{{nbsp}}bishops and 300{{nbsp}}priests were on hand to distribute [[Holy Communion]].<ref>{{cite news |date=7 November 2010 |title=Visita histórica del Papa a Barcelona para dedicar la Sagrada Família |newspaper=[[La Vanguardia]] |location=Barcelona |url=http://www.lavanguardia.es/ciudadanos/noticias/20101107/54065744060/visita-historica-del-papa-a-barcelona-para-dedicar-la-sagrada-familia.html |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-date=6 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206164418/https://www.lavanguardia.com/noticias/20101107/54065744060/visita-historica-del-papa-a-barcelona-para-dedicar-la-sagrada-familia.html }}</ref> [[File:Sagradafamilia-1.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese artist [[Etsuro Sotoo]] working in a gypsum workshop in 2010 for sculptures for the church]] In 2012, Barcelona-born Jordi Faulí i Oller took over as architect of the project.<ref name=Milestones2012>{{cite web |url=https://sagradafamilia.org/en/the-foundation |title=The Foundation and the History, Main Milestones |website=Sagrada Família |access-date=12 December 2021 |quote=2012: Jordi Faulí takes over from Jordi Bonet as head architect and site manager… |language=English }}</ref><ref name="Volner">{{cite magazine |title=A Completion Date for Sagrada Família, Helped by Technology |first=Ian |last=Volner |url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/a-completion-date-for-sagrada-familia-helped-by-technology_o |magazine=[[Architect Magazine]] |access-date=9 November 2015 |quote=In 2012, Barcelona-born architect Jordi Faulí assumed control of the project.}}</ref> [[Mark Burry]] of New Zealand serves as Executive Architect and Researcher.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Lisa |title=The Gaudí code |url=https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/life-in-barcelona-the-gaud%C3%AD-code/ |access-date=13 February 2019 |work=Barcelona Metropolitan |date=28 September 2011}}</ref> Sculptures by [[J. Busquets]], [[Etsuro Sotoo]] and [[Josep Maria Subirachs]] decorate the fantastical façades. Chief architect Jordi Faulí announced in October 2015 that construction was 70 percent complete and had entered its final phase of raising six immense steeples. The steeples and most of the church's structure were planned to be completed by 2026, the centennial of Gaudí's death;<ref name=Grdn2024/> as of a 2017 estimate, decorative elements should be complete by 2030 or 2032.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Sharon |date=30 October 2017 |title=What are the main milestones for the Sagrada Família in the future? |url=https://blog.sagradafamilia.org/en/divulgation/what-are-the-main-milestones-for-the-sagrada-familia-in-the-future/ |website=Blog Sagrada Família}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2023}} Visitor entrance fees of €15 to €20 finance the annual construction budget of €25{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Joseph |title=Barcelona's La Sagrada Familia Basilica enters final years of construction |newspaper=Toronto Sun |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/10/22/barcelonas-la-sagrada-familia-basilica-enters-final-years-of-construction |access-date=9 November 2015}}</ref> Completion of the structure will use [[post-tensioned stone]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.sagradafamilia.org/en/divulgation/tensioned-stone/|title=Tensioned stone|date=6 June 2018|website=Blog Sagrada Família|access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref> Starting on 9 July 2017, an international mass is celebrated at the basilica every Sunday and [[holy day of obligation]], at 9{{nbsp}}a.m., and is open to the public (until the church is full). Occasionally, Mass is celebrated at other times, where attendance requires an invitation. When masses are scheduled, instructions to obtain an invitation are posted on the basilica's website. In addition, visitors may pray in the chapel of the Blessed Sacrament and Penitence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worship at the Basilica |url=http://www.sagradafamilia.org/en/worship-at-the-basilica/ |access-date=5 September 2017 |website=Sagrada Família}}</ref> The stone initially used in its construction came from the [[Montserrat (mountain)|Montserrat mountain]], but it became clear that as quarrying there went deeper, the stone was increasingly fragile and an alternative source had to be found. Since 2018 stone of the type needed to complete the construction has been sourced from the [[Withnell|Withnell Quarry]] in [[Brinscall]], near [[Chorley]], [[England]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Titley |first=Megan |date=2 May 2018 |title=Barcelona's iconic Basilica de la Sagrada Familia built with stone from Lancashire |url=https://www.lep.co.uk/your-lancashire/chorley/barcelona-s-iconic-basilica-de-la-sagrada-familia-built-with-stone-from-lancashire-1-9145096 |access-date=2 May 2018 |newspaper=[[Lancashire Post]]}}</ref> ===Historical photographs of Sagrada Família=== <gallery class="center" widths="220" heights="220" classes="center"> File:Baldomer Gili Roig. La Sagrada Família, 1905 Copia moderna del negatiu original de vidre.jpg|1905 File:La Sagrada Familia en construcción, c. 1915.jpg|1915 File:ETH-BIB-Barcelona, Sagrada Familia-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0201.tif|1930. Aerial photograph by [[Walter Mittelholzer]], [[ETH-Bibliothek]]. File:SagradaFamiliaRoof2.jpg|Base of the Christ steeple under construction (2009) File:Sagrada Família (2019).jpg|2019<ref>Charles, Makah. ''Sagrada Familia'' . Photograph. Barcelona, June 12, 2019.</ref> </gallery>
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