Editing Sápmi (section)

==Etymology==
Sápmi (and corresponding terms in other Sámi languages) refers to both the Sámi land and the Sámi people. The word ''Sámi'' is the accusative-genitive form of the noun ''Sápmi''—making the name's (''Sámi olbmot'') meaning "people of Sápmi". The origin of the word is speculated to be related to the Baltic word ''*žēmē'', meaning "land".<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.sgr.fi/ct/ct51.html| title = Article on the subject by the Finno-Ugrian Society.}}</ref> Also ''Häme'', the Finnish name for [[Tavastia (historical province)|Tavastia]], a historical province of Finland, is thought to have the same origin, and the same word is at least speculated to be the origin of {{wikt-lang|fi|Suomi}}, the [[Finnish language|Finnish]] name for [[Finland]].
 
''Sápmi'' is the name in Northern Sámi, the most widely spoken of the Sámi languages. In other languages,  the following terms are used:

* {{langx|smj|Sábme / Sámeednam}}
* {{langx|sma|Saepmie}}
* {{langx|sje|Sämijednam}}
* {{langx|sju|Sábmie}}
* {{Langx|smn|Säämi}}
* {{Langx|sms|Sääʹmjânnam}}
* {{langx|sjd|Са̄мь е̄ммьне|Saam' jiemm'n'e}}

In modern [[Swedish language|Swedish]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], Sápmi is known as either ''Sapmi'' or ''Sameland''. In Finnish it is known as {{Lang|fi|Saamenmaa}} or {{Lang|fi|saamelaisalue}}<!-- this the correct capitalization -->.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-28 |title=Saamenmaa: mihin nimi viittaa? |url=https://kielitoimistonohjepankki.fi/ohje/saamenmaa-mihin-nimi-viittaa/ |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Kielitoimiston ohjepankki |language=fi}}</ref> In [[Old Norse]], it was historically called ''Finnmǫrk'', a name that later evolved into ''[[Finnmark]]'', the name of Norway's northernmost county.<ref name="SNL" /> In older Swedish, Sápmi was known as ''[[Lappmarken]]'' or ''Lappland''.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/egil/egil15.htm| title = Egil's Saga, Chapter XIV}}</ref> Some English language sources refer to [[Northern Norway]] and [[Murmansk Oblast]] as ''Norwegian Lapland<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lapland {{!}} Location, People, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lapland |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>'' and ''Russian Lapland'', respectively, especially in the context of tourism marketing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-03 |title=Stereotypes have fueled a tourism boom in Europe's icy North. Can things change? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/changing-indigneous-cultural-tourism-in-arctic-sapmi-region |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217205301/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/changing-indigneous-cultural-tourism-in-arctic-sapmi-region |archive-date=17 February 2021 |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=National Geographic: Travel |language=en |quote=The Sámi Homeland in Finland is one part of Sápmi, a large, diverse area that encompasses northern Norway, Sweden, and Russia's Kola Peninsula. While the northernmost regions of Sweden and Finland are both called Lapland, the entire Sápmi area has been imprecisely referred to as "Lapland" and promoted as an "untouched wilderness", despite the long presence of people living and working there.}}</ref><ref>[http://www.visitnorway.com/templates/NTRDestinationArticle.aspx?id=157023 Presentation of Finnmark by Norway's Ministry of Trade and Industry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928030638/http://www.visitnorway.com/templates/NTRDestinationArticle.aspx?id=157023|date=28 September 2007}} in their official travel guide to Norway.</ref>

[[Laponia (historical province)|''Lappland'']] became the name of Sweden's northernmost province (''landskap'') which was divided in 1809, leaving one part in Sweden and other under Finland, which became part of the [[Russian Empire]]. The name ''Lappland'' remains in use for both the Swedish [[Lapland (Sweden)|province of Lapland]] and the Finnish [[Lapland (Finland)|region of Lapland]]. Finnish Lapland includes [[Peräpohjola]], a region traditionally considered part of [[Ostrobothnia (historical province)|Ostrobothnia]]. Consequently. ''Lapland'' and ''Sápmi'' are not interchangeable in the Finnish context. While [[Rovaniemi]] is located in Lapland, it is not part of Sápmi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Same, samisk, Sápmi och Lappland - Mediespråk |url=https://www.mediesprak.fi/same,-samisk,-sapmi-och-lappland |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=www.mediesprak.fi |language=en}}</ref>

In the 17th century, [[Johannes Schefferus]] assumed the etymology of the term ''Lapland'' to be related to the [[Swedish language|Swedish]] word for "running", {{Lang|sv|löpa}} (cognate with English, ''to leap'').<ref>[http://old.no/samidrum/lapponia/chap-i.html The History of Lapland: Chap. I: Of the name of ''Lapland''], Scheffer, John, Oxford, 1674</ref> The terms ''Lapp'' and ''Lappland'' are now regarded as outdated or offensive by many Sámi people, who prefer the area's name in their language ''{{lang|se|Sápmi}}'', because over time the term ''Lapp'' has acquired the pejorative connotation of "silly", "uneducated", "backwards", etc. in the major languages of the Scandinavian countries that include Sápmi.<ref name="myan" /><ref name="Rapp">{{cite web |last1=Rapp |first1=Ole Magnus |last2=Stein |first2=Catherine |title=Samis don't want to be 'Lapps' |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2246107.ece |website=Aftenposten |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315181256/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article2246107.ece |archive-date=2008-03-15 |date=8 Feb 2008}}</ref>