Editing Rupert Murdoch (section)

== Early life and education==
Keith Rupert Murdoch was born on 11 March 1931 in [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia, the second of four children of Sir [[Keith Arthur Murdoch]] (1885–1952) and Dame [[Elisabeth Murdoch (philanthropist)|Elisabeth Joy]] ({{nee|Greene}}; 1909–2012).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZLtCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1096|title=The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising|isbn=9781135949068|last1=McDonough|first1=John|last2=Egolf|first2=Karen|date=2015|page=1096|publisher=Routledge |access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611095950/https://books.google.com/books?id=HZLtCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1096|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tuccille">{{cite book|last=Tuccille|first=Jerome|author-link=Jerome Tuccille|title=Rupert Murdoch|url=https://archive.org/details/rupertmurdoch00tucc/|date=1989|location=New York City|publisher=Donald I. Fine, Inc.|isbn=1556111541|access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref>{{rp|9}} He is of English, Irish and Scottish ancestry. His parents were also born in Melbourne. Murdoch's father was a [[war correspondent]] and later a regional newspaper magnate; he owned two newspapers in [[Adelaide]], South Australia and a radio station in a remote mining town and was chairman of the [[The Herald (Melbourne)|Herald and Weekly Times]] publishing company.<ref name="Witzel">''The encyclopedia of the history of American management'' (2005) [[Morgen Witzel]] Continuum International Publishing Group p. 393 {{ISBN|978-1-84371-131-5}}</ref><ref name=Belfield>{{cite book|title=Murdoch: The Decline of an Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/murdochdeclineof0000belf/|last1=Belfield|first1=Richard|last2=Hird|first2=Christopher|last3=Kelly|first3=Sharon|publisher=Fulcrum Productions|place=London|date=1991|access-date=17 November 2022|isbn=0356203395}}</ref>{{rp|16}}<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rupert-Murdoch|title=Rupert Murdoch|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=1 June 2017|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331080426/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rupert-Murdoch|url-status=live}}</ref> Murdoch has three sisters: Helen (1929–2004), Anne (born 1935) and Janet (born 1939).<ref name="shawcross">{{cite book|last=Shawcross|first=William|author-link=William Shawcross|title=Murdoch|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780671875367/|date=1994|orig-date=1992|location=New York City|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=0671875361|access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref>{{rp|47}} His paternal grandfather, [[Patrick John Murdoch]], was a Scottish-born [[Presbyterian minister]] who emigrated to Australia in 1884.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rMW_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT13|isbn=9781788317849|title=The Making of Murdoch: Power, Politics and What Shaped the Man Who Owns the Media|date=23 January 2020|page=13|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]}}</ref> 

Murdoch attended [[Geelong Grammar School]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Vander Hook|first=Sue|title=Rupert Murdoch: News Corporation Magnate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MW0VHI3lumYC&pg=PA19|year=2011|publisher=ABDO|isbn=978-1-61714-782-1|page=19|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-date=1 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101120155/https://books.google.com/books?id=MW0VHI3lumYC&pg=PA19|url-status=live}}</ref> where he was co-editor of the school's official journal ''The Corian'' and editor of the student journal ''If Revived''.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Corian|date=May 1948|volume=LXXIV|issue=1|page=6|title=Staff}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Corian|date=May 1950|volume=LXXVII|issue=1|page=23|title=Staff}}</ref> Murdoch studied [[philosophy, politics and economics]] at [[Worcester College, Oxford]], in England, where he kept a bust of [[Lenin]] in his rooms and came to be known as "Red Rupert". He was a member of the Oxford University [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]],<ref name=Belfield />{{rp|34}}<ref name="BBC Murdoch" /> stood for secretary of the [[Labour Club]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kynaston|first1=David|author-link=David Kynaston|title=Family Britain 1951–57|date=2009|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|location=London|isbn=978-0-7475-8385-1|page=102|url=https://archive.org/details/familybritain1950000kyna/}}</ref> and managed [[Oxford Student Publications Limited]], the publishing house of ''[[Cherwell (newspaper)|Cherwell]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oxfordtoday.ox.ac.uk/pdf/OT_Michaelmas_2009.pdf |work=Oxford Today |location=Oxford |title=Oxford Today, Oxford University alumni magazine |access-date=11 April 2011 }} {{dead link|date=August 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> 

After his father's death from cancer in 1952, Murdoch's mother did charity work as the life governor of the [[Royal Women's Hospital]] in Melbourne and established the [[Murdoch Children's Research Institute]]; at the age of 102 (in 2011), she had 74 descendants.<ref name="Mother">{{cite news |last=Barnett |first=Laura |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/20/rupert-murdoch-listen-to-mother |title=If only Rupert Murdoch would listen to his mother |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 July 2011 |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-date=30 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930143729/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/20/rupert-murdoch-listen-to-mother |url-status=live}}</ref> While his father was alive, Murdoch worked part-time at the [[The Herald (Melbourne)|''Melbourne Herald'']] and was groomed by his father to take over the family business.<ref name="Witzel" /><ref name="BBC Murdoch" /> After his father's death, he began working as a sub-editor with the ''[[Daily Express]]'' for two years.<ref name="Witzel" />