Editing Rum and Coke (section)

==History==
The drink was created in [[Cuba]] in the early 1900s, but its exact origins are not certain.{{sfn|Coulombe|2005|pp=248–249}}{{sfn|Curtis|2009|pp=199–200}} It became popular shortly after 1900, when bottled [[Coca-Cola]] was first imported into Cuba from the United States.{{sfn|Mariani|2015|pp=107-108}}{{sfn|Brown|Miller|2009|pp=148–150}} Its origin is associated with the heavy U.S. presence in Cuba following the [[Spanish–American War]] of 1898; the drink's traditional name, "Cuba libre" (Free Cuba), was the slogan of the Cuban independence movement.{{sfn|Coulombe|2005|p=248}}{{sfn|Curtis|2009|p=200}} The Cuba libre is sometimes said to have been created during the Spanish–American War.{{sfn|Kurlansky|2017|p=103}} However, this predates the first distribution of Coca-Cola to Cuba in 1900. A drink called a "Cuba libre" was indeed known in 1898, but this was a mix of water and brown sugar.{{sfn|Mariani|2015|pp=107-108}}

Fausto Rodriguez, a [[Bacardi]] advertising executive, claimed to have been present when the drink was first poured, and produced a notarized [[affidavit]] to that effect in 1965. According to Rodriguez, this took place in August 1900, when he was a 14-year-old messenger working for a member of the [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|U.S. Army Signal Corps]] in [[Havana]]. One day at a local bar, Rodriguez's employer ordered Bacardi rum mixed with Coca-Cola. This intrigued a nearby group of American soldiers, who ordered a round for themselves, giving birth to a popular new drink.{{sfn|Coulombe|2005|pp=248–249}} Bacardi published Rodriguez's affidavit in a ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine ad in 1966. However, Rodriguez's status as a Bacardi executive has led some commentators to doubt the veracity of his story.{{sfn|Curtis|2009|pp=199–200}}{{sfn|Gjelten|2008|p=98}} Another story states that the drink was first created in 1902 at Havana's [[El Floridita]] restaurant to celebrate the anniversary of Cuban independence.{{sfn|Brown|Miller|2009|pp=148–150}}

The drink became a staple in Cuba, catching on due to the pervasiveness of its ingredients.{{sfn|Gjelten|2008|p=98}} Havana was already known for its iced drinks in the 19th century, as it was one of the few warm-weather cities that had abundant stores of ice shipped down from colder regions.{{sfn|Kurlansky|2017|p=103}} Bacardi and other Cuban rums also boomed after independence brought in large numbers of foreign tourists and investors, as well as new opportunities for exporting alcohol. Light rums such as Bacardi became favored for cocktails as they were considered to mix well.{{sfn|Gjelten|2008|p=98}} Coca-Cola had been a common [[Drink mixer|mixer]] in the United States ever since it was first bottled in 1886, and it became a ubiquitous drink in many countries after it was first exported in 1900.{{sfn|Brown|Miller|2009|pp=148–150}}{{sfn|Coulombe|2005|p=249}}

Rum and Coke quickly spread from Cuba to the United States. In the early 20th century the cocktail, like Coca-Cola itself, was most popular in the [[Southern United States]]. During the [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition era]] from 1922 to 1933, Coca-Cola became a favored mixer for disguising the taste of low-quality rums, as well as other liquors.{{sfn|Curtis|2009|p=200}} In 1921 [[H. L. Mencken]] jokingly wrote of a [[South Carolina]] variant called the "jump stiddy", which consisted of Coca-Cola mixed with [[denatured alcohol]] drained from [[Radiator (engine cooling)|automobile radiators]].{{sfn|Coulombe|2005|p=249}} After Prohibition, rum and Coke became prevalent in the northern and western U.S. as well, and in both high-brow and low-brow circles.{{sfn|Curtis|2009|p=200}}

Rum and Coke achieved a new level of popularity during [[World War II]]. Starting in 1940, the United States established a series of outposts in the [[British West Indies]] to defend against the [[Kriegsmarine|German Navy]].{{sfn|Curtis|2009|pp=201–202}} The American presence created cross-cultural demand, with American servicemen and the locals developing tastes for each other's products. In particular, American military personnel took to Caribbean rum due to its inexpensiveness, while Coca-Cola became especially prevalent in the islands thanks to the company shipping it out with the military.{{sfn|Curtis|2009|pp=202–203}} Within the United States, imported rum became increasingly popular, as government quotas for industrial alcohol reduced the output of American distillers of domestic liquors.{{sfn|Coulombe|2005|p=249}}

In 1943, [[Lord Invader]]'s [[Calypso music|Calypso]] song "[[Rum and Coca-Cola]]" drew further attention to the drink in [[Trinidad]]. The song was an adaptation of [[Lionel Belasco]]'s 1904 composition "L'Année Passée" with new lyrics about American soldiers in Trinidad cavorting with local girls and drinking rum and Coke. Comedian [[Morey Amsterdam]] plagiarized "Rum and Coca-Cola" and licensed it to the [[Andrews Sisters]] as his own work. The Andrews Sisters' version was a major hit in 1945 and further boosted the popularity of rum and Coke, especially in the military. Lord Invader and the owners of Belasco's composition successfully sued Amsterdam for the song's rights.{{sfn|Coulombe|2005|p=250–251}}{{sfn|Curtis|2009|pp=203–205}}

During the [[Cuban Revolution]] in 1959, Bacardi fled to [[Puerto Rico]].{{sfn|Coulombe|2005|p=99}} The following year, the U.S. placed an [[United States embargo against Cuba|embargo against Cuba]], which made Cuban-made rum unavailable in the U.S. and Coca-Cola largely unavailable in Cuba. As such, it became difficult to make a rum and Coke with its traditional ingredients in either country.{{sfn|Kurlansky|2017|pp=120–121}}<ref name=Wondrich>{{cite news |last=Wondrich |first=David |date=3 February 2013 |title=How To Make a Cuba Libre (That Is, Rum and Coke)|url=http://www.esquire.com/food-drink/drinks/recipes/a3769/cuba-libre-drink-recipe/|work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref>