Editing Rosaceae (section)

== Description ==
Rosaceae can be woody trees, shrubs, climbers or herbaceous plants.<ref name="Heywood-2007">{{Cite book |last1=Heywood |first1=V.H. |title=Flowering Plant Families of the World |last2=Brummitt |first2=R.K. |last3=Culham |first3=A. |last4=Seberg |first4=O. |publisher=Firefly Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-55407-206-4 |location=Ontario, Canada |pages=280–282}}</ref> The herbs are mostly perennials, but some annuals also exist, such as ''[[Aphanes arvensis]]''.<ref name=Stace>{{cite book|last=Stace|first=C. A.|author-link = Stace, C. A.|year=2019|title=New Flora of the British Isles|edition=Fourth|publisher=C & M Floristics|location = Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.| isbn=978-1-5272-2630-2}}</ref>{{rp|200}}<ref name="Watson">{{cite web |title=Rosaceae Juss.: FloraBase: Flora of Western Australia |url=http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/22834 |work=calm.wa.gov.au |access-date=21 April 2010 |archive-date=15 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315075449/http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/22834 }}</ref>

===Leaves===
The [[leaves]] are generally arranged [[phyllotaxis|spirally]], but have an opposite arrangement in some species. They can be simple or [[Pinnation|pinnately]] compound (either odd- or even-pinnate). Compound leaves appear in around 30 genera. The leaf margin is most often serrate. Paired [[stipule]]s are generally present and are considered a primitive feature within the family, though they have been independently lost in many groups of Amygdaloideae (previously called Spiraeoideae).<ref name="Potter" /> The stipules are sometimes adnate (attached surface to surface)<ref name="Beentje">{{cite book |last=Beentje |first=H. |title=The Kew Plant Glossary, an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms |publisher=Kew publishing |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-842-46422-9 |location=Kew, London, U.K.}}</ref> to the [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. Glands or [[extrafloral nectaries]] may be present on leaf margins or petioles. Spines may be present on the midrib of leaflets and the rachis of compound leaves.

===Flowers===
Flowers of plants in the rose family are generally described as "showy".<ref name="Folta">{{cite book |editor-last1=Folta |editor-first1=Kevin M. |editor-last2=Gardiner|editor-first2=Susan E.|title=Genetics and Genomics of Rosaceae |publisher=Springer |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-387-77490-9 |edition=1 |location=New York |page=2 |author-link=Kevin Folta}}</ref> They are [[actinomorphic|radially symmetrical]], and almost always hermaphroditic. Rosaceae generally have five [[sepal]]s, [[Pentapetalae|five petals]], and many spirally arranged [[stamen]]s. The bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens are fused together to form a characteristic cup-like structure called a [[hypanthium]]. They can be arranged in [[raceme|spikes]], or [[head (botany)|heads]]. Solitary flowers are rare. Rosaceae have a variety of color petals, but blue is almost completely absent.<ref name="Heywood-2007" />

===Fruits and seeds===
The [[fruit]]s occur in many varieties and were once considered the main characters for the definition of subfamilies amongst Rosaceae, giving rise to a fundamentally artificial subdivision. They can be [[follicle (fruit)|follicles]], [[Capsule (fruit)|capsules]], [[Nut (fruit)|nuts]], [[achene]]s, [[drupe]]s (''[[Prunus]]''), and [[accessory fruit]]s, like the [[pome]] of an apple, the [[rose hip|hip]] of a [[rose]], or the [[receptacle (botany)|receptacle]]-derived [[aggregate fruit|aggregate]] [[accessory fruit|accessory]] fruit of a [[Fragaria|strawberry]]. Many fruits of the family are edible, but their seeds often contain [[amygdalin]], which can release [[cyanide]] during digestion if the seed is damaged.<ref name="foc">TOXNET: [http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+3559 ''CASRN: 29883-15-6'']</ref>