Editing Ronald Coase (section)

==Biography==
[[File:Coase scan 10 edited.jpg|left|thumb|Ronald Coase]]
Ronald Harry Coase was born in [[Willesden]], a suburb of London, on 29 December 1910. His father, Henry Joseph Coase (1884–1973) was a [[telegraphist]] for the post office, as was his mother, Rosalie Elizabeth Coase (née Giles; 1882–1972), before marriage.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Coase, Ronald Harry |title= Who's Who in America 2000, Millennium Edition |place= New Providence, NJ  |publisher=Marquis Who's Who |year=1999 |volume= I (A–K)|page=[https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinamerica100chic/page/890/mode/2up?view=theater 891] |edition=54th |url= https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinamerica100chic/ |url-access=registration |isbn= 0-8379-0200-2 |via= Internet Archive |access-date= 16 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="International">{{cite book |chapter=COASE, Ronald Harry |title=The International Who's Who |edition= 70th |place= London & New York |publisher=Routledge |year= 2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/internationalwho0000unse_m8w3/page/406/mode/2up?view=theater 406] |url= https://archive.org/details/internationalwho0000unse_m8w3/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater |url-access = registration |isbn= 1-85743-366-1 |accessdate= 16 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter=Coase, Prof. Ronald Harry  |title=Who's Who 2007: An Annual Biographical Dictionary |edition= 159 |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswho20010000unse/page/n5/mode/2up |url-access= registration |page= [https://archive.org/details/whoswho2007whosw0000blac/page/447/mode/2up?view=theater 447] |place=London  |publisher=A & C Black |year= 2007|isbn=978-0-7136-7526-9 |via= [[Internet Archive]] |accessdate= 16 July 2023}}</ref> As a child, Coase had a weakness in his legs, for which he was required to wear [[Brace (orthopaedic)|leg-irons]]. Due to this problem, he attended the school for physical defectives. At the age of 12, he was able to enter [[Kilburn Grammar School]] on scholarship. At Kilburn, he studied for the intermediate examination of the [[University of London]] as an [[University of London International Programmes|external student]] in 1927–29.<ref name="Coase Autobiography">{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1991/coase-autobio.html| title = Ronald Coase. "Nobel Prize Autobiography," 1991}}</ref><ref>Breit, William and Barry T. Hirsch. ''Lives of the Laureates'', 4th ed. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2004.</ref>

Coase then continued his studies at the University of London, enrolling as an internal student of the [[London School of Economics]], where he took courses with [[Arnold Plant]]<ref name="Coase Autobiography" /> and received a [[Bachelor of Commerce]] degree in 1932. During his undergraduate studies, Coase received the Sir Ernest Cassel Travelling Scholarship which he used to visit the University of Chicago in 1931–1932 studying with [[Frank Knight]] and [[Jacob Viner]]. Coase's colleagues would later admit that they did not remember this first visit.<ref name="FireofTruth">{{cite journal |journal=[[Journal of Law and Economics]] |last=Kitch |first=Edmund W. |title=The Fire of Truth: A Remembrance of Law and Economics at Chicago, 1932–1970 |volume=26 |issue=1 |year=1983 |pages=163–234 |jstor=725189|doi=10.1086/467030 |s2cid=153525815 }}</ref> Between 1932 and 1934, Coase was an assistant lecturer at the Dundee School of Economics and Commerce, which later became part of the [[University of Dundee]]. Subsequently, Coase was an assistant lecturer in commerce at the [[University of Liverpool]] between 1934 and 1935 before returning to [[London School of Economics]] as a member of staff until 1951 in which year he was awarded an earned doctorate in economics from the University of London. He then started to work at the [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|University at Buffalo]] and retained his British citizenship after moving to the United States in the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alb.merlinone.net/mweb/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5579499%2F|title=U. of Chicago Professor Wins Nobel Economics Prize|access-date=17 March 2011|archive-date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228213928/https://alb.merlinone.net/scripts/foxIsapi.dLL/wmsql.wm.request?oneimage&imageid=5579499%2F|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1958, he moved to the [[University of Virginia]]. Coase settled at the [[University of Chicago]] in 1964 and became the co-editor of the ''[[Journal of Law and Economics]]'' with [[Aaron Director]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/04/040913.director.shtml|title=Aaron Director, Founder of the field of Law and Economics|website=www-news.uchicago.edu|access-date=7 September 2019}}</ref> He was also for a time a trustee of the [[Philadelphia Society]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phillysoc.org/trustees.htm |title=Trustees |publisher=Phillysoc.org |access-date=3 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827033031/http://phillysoc.org/trustees.htm |archive-date=27 August 2013}}</ref> He received the [[Nobel Prize in Economics]] in 1991.

[[File:Grave of Ronald Coase (1910–2013) at Graceland Cemetery, Chicago.jpg|thumb|right|Coase's grave at Graceland Cemetery]]

Nearing his 100th birthday, Coase was working on a book concerning the rise of the economies of China and Vietnam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/spf/201003/99yearold-economist-researches-the-rise-of-China-and-Vietnam-900486/ |title=99-year-old economist researches the rise of China and Vietnam |date=24 March 2010 |work=VietNamNet Bridge |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903162312/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/spf/201003/99yearold-economist-researches-the-rise-of-China-and-Vietnam-900486/ |archive-date=3 September 2010}}</ref> In an interview, Coase explained the mission of the Coase China Society and his vision of economics and the part to be played by Chinese economists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/coase-china-society-interviews-ronald-coase |title=Coase China Society Interviews Ronald Coase |date=3 January 2011 |work=Chicago University Law School}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://english.unirule.org.cn/Html/Unirule-News/20110101130956819.html |title=Interview with Professor Ronald Coase |date=3 January 2011 |work=Unirule Institute of Economics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117184354/http://english.unirule.org.cn/Html/Unirule-News/20110101130956819.html |archive-date=17 January 2011}}</ref> This became "How China Became Capitalist" (2012) co-authored with Ning Wang. Coase was honoured and received an honorary doctorate from the university at Buffalo Department of Economics in May 2012.<ref>http://economics.buffalo.edu/ Robert Coase Honorary Doctorate</ref>

Coase married Marian Ruth Hartung of Chicago, Illinois in Willesden, England, 7 August 1937.<ref name="International"/> Although they were unable to have children, they were married 75 years until her death on 17 October 2012, making him one of the longest-married Nobel Prize laureates.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/sep/04/ronald-coase|title=Ronald Coase obituary|last=Littlewood|first=Mark|date=4 September 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=9 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news |title=Ronald H. Coase, a Law Professor And Leading Economist, Dies at 102 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Patrick J. |last=Lyons |date=3 September 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/04/business/economy/ronald-h-coase-nobel-winning-economist-dies-at-102.html?_r=0}}</ref> Coase himself died in Chicago on 2 September 2013, at the age of 102.<ref>{{cite web |last=Galer |first=Sarah |url=http://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/coaseinmemoriam |title=Ronald H. Coase, Founding Scholar in Law and Economics, 1910–2013 |publisher=University of Chicago Law School |website=Law.uchicago.edu |access-date=3 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905071516/http://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/coaseinmemoriam |archive-date=5 September 2013}}</ref> Both are buried at [[Graceland Cemetery]] in Chicago.

He was praised across the political spectrum, with ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' calling him "one of the most distinguished economists in the world"<ref name="slate">{{cite web |title=Ronald Coase, the Economist Who Explained Why We Have Companies |first=Matthew |last=Yglesias |website=Slate|date=3 September 2013 |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2013/09/03/ronald_coase_s_theory_of_the_firm.html}}</ref> and ''[[Forbes]]'' calling him "the greatest of the many great University of Chicago economists".<ref name=forbes>{{cite web |title=Ronald Coase Was The Greatest of the Many Great University of Chicago Economists |first=Fred |last=Smith |work=[[Forbes]] |date=3 September 2013 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/fredsmith/2013/09/03/ronald-coase-was-the-greatest-of-the-many-great-university-of-chicago-economists/}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' called his work over eight decades "impossible to summarize" while recommending five of his papers to read.<ref name="wapo">{{cite news |title=Ronald Coase is dead. Here are five of his papers you need to read. |first=Dylan |last=Matthews |date=3 September 2013 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/09/03/ronald-coase-is-dead-here-are-five-of-his-papers-you-need-to-read/|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>