Editing Roman Curia (section)

==Historical background==
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2022}}
{{Main|History of the Roman Curia}}

The Curia was created by [[Pope Urban II]] (r. 1088–1099).<ref>McBrien, Robert P. (2000).''Lives of the Popes''. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060653040. Page 182.</ref>

''[[Curia]]'' in medieval and later Latin usage means "[[noble court|court]]" in the sense of "royal court" rather than "court of law". The Roman Curia is sometimes anglicized as the '''Court of Rome''', as in the [[Act of Supremacy 1534|1534 Act of Parliament]] that forbade appeals to it from England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.shaw.ca/reformation/1534submissionclergy.htm |title=The Submission of the Clergy and Restraint of Appeals, 1534 |access-date=26 July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612090947/http://members.shaw.ca/reformation/1534submissionclergy.htm |archive-date=12 June 2008 }}</ref> It is the papal court and assists the Pope in carrying out his functions. The Roman Curia can be loosely compared to [[Cabinet (government)|cabinets]] in governments of countries with a Western form of governance, but the only sections that can be directly compared with specific ministries of a civil government are the Second Section of the [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretariat of State]], known also as the Section for Relations with States, the [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]] (established in 1939 by [[Pius XII]]), and the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]].

It is normal for every Latin Catholic [[diocese]] to have its own ''curia'' for its administration. For the [[Diocese of Rome]], these functions are ''not'' handled by the Roman Curia, but by the [[Cardinal Vicar|Vicariate General of His Holiness for the City of Rome]],<ref>Annuario Pontificio 2012, p. 1377</ref> as provided by the apostolic constitution ''Ecclesia in Urbe''. The pope has, going back to [[Saint Peter|St. Peter]], been the bishop of Rome. There are also the [[Vicar General of Rome]], traditionally a cardinal, and his deputy, the vicegerent, who holds the personal title of archbishop, who supervise the governance of the diocese by reference to the Pope himself, but with no more dependence on the Roman Curia, as such, than other Catholic dioceses throughout the world. A distinct office, the [[Vicar General for Vatican City]], administers the portion of the Diocese of Rome in [[Vatican City]].

Until recently, there still existed [[hereditary officers of the Roman Curia]], holding titles denominating functions that had ceased to be a reality when the [[Papal States]] were lost to the papacy. A reorganization, ordered by [[Pope Pius X]], was incorporated into the [[1917 Code of Canon Law]]. Further steps toward reorganization were begun by [[Pope Paul VI]] in the 1960s. Among the goals of this curial reform were the modernization of procedures and the internationalization of the curial staff. These reforms are reflected in the [[1983 Code of Canon Law]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507667/Roman-Curia |title=Roman Curia – Encyclopædia Britannica |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> The offices of the Vatican City State are not part of the Roman Curia, which is composed only of offices of the [[Holy See]]. {{As of|2020|}}, the Curia comprises the offices listed in the sections below. Most members of the Curia except, among some others, the [[Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church|Cardinal Camerlengo]] and the [[Apostolic Penitentiary|Major Penitentiary]] resign their office immediately after a papal death or resignation. See ''[[sede vacante]]''.