Editing Robinson Crusoe (section)

==Plot summary==
[[File:Robinson.Crusoe.island.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Pictorial map of Crusoe's island, the "Island of Despair", showing incidents from the book]]
Robinson Crusoe (the family name corrupted from the German name "Kreutznaer") sets sail from [[Kingston upon Hull]], [[England]], on a sea voyage in August&nbsp;1651, against the wishes of his parents, who wanted him to pursue a career in law. After a tumultuous journey where his ship is wrecked in a storm, his desire for the sea remains so strong that he sets out to sea again. This journey, too, ends in disaster, as the ship is taken over by [[Salé]] [[Barbary pirates|pirates]] (the [[Salé Rovers]]) and Crusoe is enslaved by a [[Moors|Moor]]. Two years later, he escapes in a boat with a boy named Xury; a captain of a Portuguese ship off the west coast of Africa rescues him. The ship is ''en route'' to [[Colonial Brazil|Brazil]]. Crusoe sells Xury to the captain. With the captain's help, Crusoe procures a [[plantation]] in Brazil.

Years later, Crusoe joins an expedition to [[Atlantic slave trade|purchase slaves from Africa]] but the ship gets blown off course in a storm about forty miles out to sea and runs aground on the sandbar of an island off the [[Venezuela]]n coast (which he calls the ''Island of Despair'') near the mouth of the [[Orinoco|Orinoco River]] on 30&nbsp;September 1659.<ref name=Defoe-1719-1998ed/>{{rp|at=Chapter&nbsp;23}} The crew lowers the jolly boat, but it gets swamped by a tidal wave, drowning the crew, but leaving Crusoe the sole human survivor.  He observes the latitude as 9&nbsp;degrees and 22&nbsp;minutes north. He sees penguins and [[Pinniped|seals]] on this island. Aside from Crusoe, the captain's dog and two cats survive the shipwreck. Overcoming his despair, he fetches arms, tools and other supplies from the ship before the next storm breaks it apart. He builds a fenced-in habitat near a cave which he excavates. By making marks in a wooden cross, he creates a calendar post to keep track of his time on the island. Over the years, by using tools salvaged from the ship, and some which he makes himself, he hunts animals, grows barley and rice, dries grapes to make raisins, learns to make pottery and traps and raises goats. He also adopts a small parrot. He reads the [[Bible]] and becomes religious, thanking God for his fate in which nothing is missing but human society.  He also builds two boats: a large dugout canoe that he intends to use to sail to the mainland, but ends up being too large and too far from water to launch, and a smaller boat that he uses to explore the coast of the island.

More years pass and Crusoe discovers [[Human cannibalism|cannibals]], who occasionally visit the island to kill and eat prisoners. Alarmed at this, he conserves the ammunition he'd used for hunting (running low at that point) for defence and fortifies his home in case the cannibals discover his presence on the island.  He plans to kill them for committing an abomination, but later realizes he has no right to do so, as the cannibals do not knowingly commit a crime. One day, Crusoe finds that a Spanish [[Galleon]] has run aground on the island during a storm, but his hopes for rescue are dashed when he discovers that the crew abandoned ship.  Nevertheless, the abandoned galleon's untouched supplies of food and ammunition, along with the ship's dog, add to Crusoe's reserves.  Every night, he dreams of obtaining one or two servants by freeing some prisoners; during the cannibals' next visit to the island, when a prisoner escapes, Crusoe helps him, naming his new companion "[[Friday (Robinson Crusoe)|Friday]]" after the day of the week he appeared. Crusoe teaches Friday the English language and [[Conversion to Christianity|converts]] him to Christianity.

Crusoe soon learns from Friday that the crew from the shipwrecked galleon he'd found had escaped to the mainland and are now living with Friday's tribe.  Seeing renewed hope for rescue and with Friday's help, Crusoe builds another, but smaller, dugout canoe for a renewed plan to sail to the mainland. After more cannibals arrive to partake in a feast, Crusoe and Friday kill most of them and save two prisoners. One is Friday's father and the other is a Spaniard, who informs Crusoe about the other Spaniards shipwrecked on the mainland. A plan is devised wherein the Spaniard would return to the mainland with Friday's father and bring back the others, build a ship, and sail to a Spanish port.

Before the Spaniards return, an English ship appears; the sailors have staged a mutiny against their captain and intend to leave him and those still loyal to him on the island. Crusoe and the ship's captain strike a deal in which Crusoe helps the captain and the loyal sailors retake the ship. With their ringleader executed by the captain, the mutineers take up Crusoe's offer to remain on the island rather than being returned to England as prisoners to be hanged. Before embarking for England, Crusoe shows the mutineers how he survived on the island and states that the Spaniards will be coming.

[[File:Robinson Crusoe's route across the Pyrenees mountains.jpg|thumb|right|400px|The route taken by Robinson Crusoe over the Pyrenees mountains in chapters 19 and 20 of Defoe's novel, as envisaged by {{ill|Joseph Ribas|fr|Joseph Ribas}}]]

Crusoe leaves the island on 19&nbsp;December 1686 and arrives in England on 11&nbsp;June 1687. He learns that his family believed him dead; as a result, he was left nothing in his father's will. Crusoe departs for Lisbon to reclaim the profits of his estate in Brazil, which has granted him much wealth. In conclusion, he transports his wealth overland to England from Portugal to avoid travelling by sea. Friday accompanies him and, ''en route'', they endure one last adventure together as they fight off famished wolves while crossing the [[Pyrenees]].<ref>Ribas, Joseph [1995]. Robinson Crusoé dans les Pyrénées. Éditions Loubatières. ISBN 2-86266-235-6.</ref>