Editing Riverside, Illinois (section)

==History==
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 | video1 = [http://video.wttw.com/video/2365709534/ 10 Towns that Changed America], [[WTTW]], 56:02, segment from 16:20-21:50<ref name="wttw">{{cite web | title =10 Towns that Changed America | publisher =[[WTTW]] | date = April 19, 2016
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Riverside is arguably the first [[planned community|planned]] [[suburb]] (as opposed to a stand-alone community) in the United States, designed in 1869 by [[Calvert Vaux]] and [[Frederick Law Olmsted]]. The village was incorporated in 1875. The [[Riverside Historic District (Riverside, Illinois)|Riverside Landscape Architecture District]], an area bounded by 26th Street, Harlem and Ogden avenues, the [[Des Plaines River]], and Golf Road, was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1970.<ref>[http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=818&ResourceType=District National Register Information System]. Accessed November 3, 2009.</ref>
In 1863 the [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] was built heading southwest from downtown Chicago to [[Quincy, Illinois]], passing through what is now the Near West Suburban area of Chicago in a western-southwestern direction. This new access to transportation and commerce brought about a significant housing and construction boom in what was once farmland far from the bustle of the city of Chicago.

In 1868, an eastern businessman named Emery E. Childs formed the Riverside Improvement Company, and in 1869 purchased a {{convert|1600|acre|km2|adj=on}} tract of property along the Des Plaines River and the [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] line. The land was previously owned by [[David Allen Gage]] who operated a [[horse farm]] on a it called the "Riverside Farm".<ref name="Museum1">The Riverside Museum. Accessed November 3, 2009.</ref><ref name="Riverside">{{cite web |title=Riverside |url=https://chicagology.com/prefire/prefire262/ |website=chicagology.com |access-date=29 November 2024}}</ref> The site was highly desirable due to its natural oak-hickory forest and its proximity to Chicago. The company commissioned well-known landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and his partner, [[Calvert Vaux]], to design a rural bedroom community. The town's plan, which was completed in 1869, called for curvilinear streets, following the land's contours and the winding Des Plaines River. The plan also accorded for a central village square, located at the main railroad station, and a Grand Park system that uses several large parks as a foundation, with 41 smaller triangular parks and plazas located at intersections throughout town to provide for additional green spaces.<ref name="Museum1"/>
The [[Great Chicago Fire]] of 1871 and the financial [[Panic of 1873]] brought about the demise of the improvement company, bringing new construction nearly to a halt for some time. A village government was established in September 1875, and Olmsted's original development plan remained in force. Building resumed in the following years, with the opening of the [[Riverside Golf Club]] in 1893, the striking [[Chateauesque]] Riverside Township Hall in 1895, and the Burlington line train station in 1901. Many homes and estates were designed by architects such as [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], [[Daniel Burnham]], [[Louis Sullivan]], [[William Le Baron Jenney]], [[Joseph Lyman Silsbee]], [[Frederick Clarke Withers]], and [[Calvert Vaux]] at the time as well.<ref>[http://riverside.il.us/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={DC4955B9-2DBD-4383-A011-14F34A625889} The Village of Riverside]. Accessed November 3, 2009.</ref>

A major period of residential development came again in the 1920s and late 1930s, when many modest houses were constructed on smaller parcels. The population grew to 7,935 by 1940 and consisted primarily of small proprietors, managers, and professionals who were predominantly of Anglo-American and German American background. The remaining residential areas were developed during the post–World War II boom, and by 1960 the village was almost entirely developed. The population peaked at 10,357 in 1970 and dropped below 8,500 by the mid-1990s.

Riverside has become an architectural museum, which is recognized by the village's National Historic Landmark designation. The village housing stock varies from well-maintained 1920s bungalows and huge Victorian and early-twentieth-century mansions that attract architectural tours led by The Frederick Law Olmsted Society of Riverside. The charming village center houses several restaurants as well as coffee shops, and hosts stores selling antiques and Victorian house fixtures, reflective of the village's older affluent population.<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1080.html Encyclopedia of Chicago]. Accessed November 3, 2009.</ref> The historian Walter Creese called Riverside "The Greatest American Suburb".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Creese |first1=Walter |title=The Crowning of the American Landscape |date=1985 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |page=219}}</ref> In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, Riverside was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the [[American Institute of Architects]]' Illinois chapter, AIA Illinois.<ref>{{cite news|last=Waldinger|first=Mike|title=The proud history of architecture in Illinois|url=https://springfieldbusinessjournal.com/2018/01/the-proud-history-of-architecture-in-illinois/|access-date=January 30, 2018|newspaper=Springfield Business Journal|date=January 30, 2018}}</ref>