Editing Riverside, California (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Riverside, California}}
[[File:DeAnza-Statue (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Statue in Downtown Riverside of famed Spanish explorer [[Juan Bautista de Anza]], whose expedition came through the area in 1774]]
In the late 18th century and the early 19th century, the area was inhabited by [[Cahuilla people|Cahuilla]] and the [[Serrano people]]. [[Californio]]s such as [[Bernardo Yorba]] and [[Juan Bandini]] established ranches during the first half of the 19th century.

In the 1860s, Louis Prevost launched the [[California Silk Center Association]], a short-lived experiment in [[sericulture]]. In the wake of its failure, [[John W. North]] purchased some of its land and formed the Southern California Colony Association to promote the area's development. In March 1870, North distributed posters announcing the formation of a colony in California.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riversideca.gov/library/history_aids_founding.asp|title=Local History: Finding aids|publisher=Riverside Public Library|access-date=February 19, 2015}}</ref> North, a staunch temperance-minded [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]] from [[New York State]], had formerly founded [[Northfield, Minnesota]]. Riverside was [[Temperance movement|temperance]]-minded, and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]. There were four saloons in Riverside when it was founded. The license fees were raised until the saloons moved out of Riverside.<ref>Brown and Boyd, Vol 2.</ref> Investors from England and Canada transplanted traditions and activities adopted by prosperous citizens. As a result, the first golf course and [[polo]] field in southern California were built in Riverside.

The first [[Orange (fruit)|orange]] trees were planted in 1871, with the citrus industry Riverside is famous for beginning three years later (1874)<ref name="Of San B. and R. counties p 429">Brown and Boyd, Vol 1, p. 429</ref> when [[Eliza Tibbets]] received three <ref name="Of San B. and R. counties p 429"/> [[Brazil]]ian [[Orange (fruit)|navel orange]] trees sent to her by a personal friend, [[William Saunders (botanist)|William Saunders]], a horticulturist at the [[United States Department of Agriculture]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] The trees came from [[Bahia, Brazil]]. The Bahia orange did not thrive in [[Florida]], but its success in southern California was phenomenal.
[[File:The first navel orange tree in California replanted here by President Theodore Roosevelt, ca.1910 (CHS-5239).jpg|thumb|left|One of the first three [[navel orange]] trees in California, this one replanted at the [[The Mission Inn Hotel & Spa|Mission Inn]] by President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] in 1903. Photo c. 1910.]]
[[File:Riverside-1876.jpg|thumb|right|Riverside, 1876]]
[[File:RiversideFireDept1910.jpg|thumb|right|Riverside, 1910]]
The three trees were planted on the Tibbets' property. One of them died after it was trampled by a cow during the first year it was planted. After the trampling, the two remaining trees were transplanted to property belonging to Sam McCoy to receive better care than L.C. Tibbets, Eliza's husband, could provide.<ref>Brown and Boyd, Vol 1, p. 430</ref> Later, the trees were again transplanted, one at the Mission Inn property in 1903 by President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (this tree died in 1922), and the other at the intersection of Magnolia and Arlington avenues. [[Eliza Tibbets]] was honored with a stone marker placed with the last tree. That tree still stands to this day inside a protective fence abutting what is now a major intersection.

The trees thrived in the southern California climate and the navel orange industry grew rapidly. Many growers purchased bud wood and then grafted the cuttings to root stock. Within a few years, the successful cultivation of many thousands of the newly discovered Brazilian navel orange trees led to a California [[Gold rush|Gold Rush]] of a different kind: the establishment of the citrus industry, which is commemorated in the landscapes and exhibits of the [[California Citrus State Historic Park]] and the restored packing houses in the downtown's Marketplace district. By 1882, there were more than half a million citrus trees in California, almost half of which were in Riverside. The development of refrigerated [[railroad car]]s and innovative irrigation systems established Riverside as the richest city in the United States (in terms of income per capita) by 1895.<ref>H. Vincent Moses wrote in 1982 that Riverside was the wealthiest U.S. city per capita in 1895. Dr. Moses is a city historian. See "Machines in the Garden: A Citrus Monopoly in Riverside, 1900–31", published in ''California History'', Spring 1982.</ref>