Editing Ringwood, New Jersey (section)

==History==
The [[Lenape]], an [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian language]]-speaking tribe of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] who occupied much of the mid-Atlantic coastal areas and the interior mountains including along the [[Delaware River]] resided in the area of present-day Ringwood when Europeans first entered the area. Some retreated to the mountains to escape colonial encroachment.

Colonists called the local band the Ramapough, and named the [[Ramapo River]] and other regional features after them. Their descendants and [[Afro-Dutch]] migrants from New York were among the people who formed the [[multiracial]] group known as the [[Ramapough Mountain Indians]], recognized in 1980 as the "Ramapough Lenape Nation" [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe by the state of New Jersey, though the federal government has denied their application for formal recognition.<ref>Martin, Douglas. [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/08/nyregion/ronald-van-dunk-68-chief-red-bone-of-the-ramapough-mountain-indians-is-dead.html "Ronald Van Dunk, 68, Chief Red Bone of the Ramapough Mountain Indians, Is Dead"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 8, 2011. Accessed November 3, 2013. "Mr. Van Dunk, who was known as Chief Red Bone, held the title of grand chief of the 3,000 Ramapough Mountain Indians, who belong to three groups or clans living in Hillburn, in Rockland County, and across the state line in Mahwah and Ringwood in northeastern New Jersey. They were recognized as a tribe by New York and New Jersey in 1980, but the federal government has denied their application for tribal status, filed in 1979."</ref><ref>LaGorce, Tammy. [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/nyregion/documentary-explores-struggle-of-new-jerseys-ramapough-tribe.html "Documentary Explores Struggle of New Jersey's Ramapough Tribe"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 8, 2015. Accessed December 20, 2016. "Theories about their multiracial ancestry have centered around freed black slaves, Dutch settlers and the Lenape Delaware Indians, who fled to the mountains in the late 17th century to escape Dutch and English settlers. New York and New Jersey recognized the tribe in 1980 as the Ramapough Lenape Nation."</ref>

Early in the 18th century, colonists discovered [[iron]] in the area. The Ogden family built a [[blast furnace]] in Ringwood in 1742. By 1765, [[Peter Hasenclever]] used Ringwood as the center of his ironmaking operations, which included {{convert|150,000|acre|km2}} in New Jersey, [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Nova Scotia]]. Iron mining was prominent in the area from the 18th century until the [[Great Depression]], and iron shafts and pits, landfills and other elements still exist. The London, Roomy, Peters and Hope mines were all originally opened by Peter Hasenclever's London Company.<ref name=History>[http://www.ringwoodmanor.com/history/hist.htm ''A Brief History of the Forges & Manor of Ringwood''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050901032323/http://www.ringwoodmanor.com/history/hist.htm |date=September 1, 2005 }}, The Forges & Manor of Ringwood. Accessed March 14, 2012.</ref>
[[File:Plein Air Painters at Long Pond, Ringwood, NJ.JPG|thumb|upright=1.4|''[[Plein air]]'' painters painting at [[Long Pond Ironworks State Park|Long Pond]] in Ringwood, NJ.]]
A number of well-known ironmasters owned and lived at Ringwood Manor from the 1740s to the late 19th century. During the [[American Revolutionary War]], [[Robert Erskine (inventor)|Robert Erskine]] managed ironmaking operations from Ringwood, and became [[George Washington]]'s first geographer and Surveyor-General, producing maps for the [[Continental Army]]. Washington visited the Manor House several times. Ringwood iron was used in the famous [[Hudson River Chain]], and for tools and hardware for the army. One of the Manor's last owners was [[Abram S. Hewitt]], ironmaster, educator, lawyer, [[United States Congress|U.S. Congressman]], and [[Mayor of New York City]]. The Manor is part of a [[National Historic Landmark]] District.<ref name=History/>