Editing Rijksmuseum (section)

==History==
The collection of the Rijksmuseum was built over a period of 200 years and did not originate from a royal collection incorporated into a national museum. Its origins were modest, with its collection fitting into five rooms at the [[Huis ten Bosch]] palace in The Hague. Although the seventeenth century was beginning to be recognized as the key period in Dutch art, the museum did not then hold paintings by Frans Hals, Rembrandt, Jan Steen, Johannes Vermeer, or Jacob van Ruisdael. The collection was built up by purchase and donation.  Napoleon had carried off the stadholder's collection to Paris; the paintings were returned to The Netherlands in 1815 but housed in the [[Mauritshuis]] in The Hague rather than the Rijksmuseum. With the founding of the Rijksmuseum in 1885, holdings from other entities were brought together to establish the Rijksmuseum's major collections.<ref>"The changing picture of art of the Golden Age in the Rijksmuseum" in ''Netherlandish Art, 1600–1700''. New Haven: Yale University Press 2000, 268–71</ref>

===18th century===
[[File:Isaac Gogel.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Alexander Gogel|Isaac Gogel]] (1765–1821)]]

In 1795, the [[Batavian Republic]] was proclaimed; its [[Minister of Finance]] [[Alexander Gogel|Isaac Gogel]] argued that a national museum, following the French example of [[The Louvre]], would serve the national interest. On 19 November 1798, the government decided to found the museum.<ref name="history"/><ref name="nrc">{{in lang|nl}} Roelof van Gelder, [http://retro.nrc.nl/W2/Lab/Profiel/Rijksmuseum/schatkamer.html Schatkamer met veel gezichten], 2000. Retrieved 15 April 2013.</ref>

===19th century===
On 31 May 1800, the National Art Gallery ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Nationale Kunst-Galerij''), precursor of the Rijksmuseum, opened in [[Huis ten Bosch]] in [[The Hague]]. The museum exhibited around 200 paintings and historic objects from the collections of the Dutch [[stadtholder]]s.<ref name="history"/><ref name="nrc"/> 
In 1805, the National Art Gallery moved within [[The Hague]] to the [[Prince William V Gallery]], on the [[Buitenhof (The Hague)|Buitenhof]].<ref name="history"/> In 1806, the [[Kingdom of Holland]] was established by [[Napoleon]] Bonaparte. On the orders of king [[Louis Bonaparte]], brother of Napoleon, the museum moved to [[Amsterdam]] in 1808. Paintings owned by that city, such as ''[[The Night Watch]]'' by [[Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn|Rembrandt]], became part of the collection. In 1809, the museum opened in the [[Royal Palace (Amsterdam)|Royal Palace]] in [[Amsterdam]].<ref name="history"/>

In 1817, the museum moved to the [[Trippenhuis]]. The Trippenhuis turned out to be unsuitable as a museum. In 1820, the historical objects were moved to the [[Mauritshuis]] in The Hague and in 1838, the 19th-century paintings "''of living masters''" were moved to King Louis Bonaparte's former summer palace [[Paviljoen Welgelegen]] in [[Haarlem]].<ref name="history"/>

{{Quote box
 | quote  = "Did you know that a large, new building will take the place of the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam? That's fine with me; the Trippenhuis is too small, and many paintings hang in such a way that one can't see them properly."
 | source =&nbsp;– [[Vincent van Gogh]] in a letter to his brother [[Theo van Gogh (art dealer)|Theo]] in 1873.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let004/letter.html |title=To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, Tuesday, 28 January 1873.  |access-date=24 March 2018}}</ref> Vincent himself would later become a painter and some of his works would be hanging in the museum.
 | width  = 30em
 | align  = left
|bgcolor=#FFFFF0
}}

In 1863, there was a [[Architectural design competition|design contest]] for a new building for the Rijksmuseum, but none of the submissions was considered to be of sufficient quality. [[Pierre Cuypers]] also participated in the contest and his submission reached the second place.<ref name="bma1">{{cite web
  | title = Stadhouderskade 42. Rijksmuseum (1876/85)
  | work = Monumenten en Archeologie in Amsterdam
  | publisher = [[Amsterdam (municipality)|City of Amsterdam]]
  | url = http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksmuseum.html
  | access-date = 1 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070209104451/http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksmuseum.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 9 February 2007|language=nl}}</ref>

In 1876, a new contest was held and this time Pierre Cuypers won. The design was a combination of [[gothic architecture|gothic]] and [[renaissance]] elements. The construction began on 1 October 1876. On both the inside and the outside, the building was richly decorated with references to Dutch art history. Another contest was held for these decorations. The winners were [[Bart van Hove|B. van Hove]] and {{Ill|Frantz Vermeylen|fr}} for the [[sculpture]]s, {{Ill|Georg Sturm|nl}} for the [[tile panel]]s<!-- {{Ill|Tegeltableau|nl} --> and [[painting]] and W.F. Dixon<!-- {{Q|104919162}} --> for the [[stained glass]]. The museum was opened at its new location on 13 July 1885.<ref name="bma1"/>{{dead link|date=January 2016}}

In 1890, a new building was added a short distance to the south-west of the Rijksmuseum. As the building was made out of fragments of demolished buildings, the building offers an overview of the history of Dutch [[architecture]] and has come to be known informally as the 'fragment building'. It is also known as the 'south wing' and is currently (in 2013) branded the ''[[Philips]] Wing''.

===20th century===
[[File:Afscheid van Neerlands kunstschatbewaarder Weeknummer 59-49 - Open Beelden - 31178.ogv|thumb|Dutch newsreel from 1959]]

In 1906, the hall for ''[[The Night Watch]]'' was rebuilt.<ref name="bma1"/> In the interior more changes were made between the 1920s and 1950s – most multi-coloured wall decorations were painted over. In the 1960s exposition rooms and several floors were built into the two courtyards. The building had some minor renovations and restorations in 1984, 1995–1996 and 2000.<ref name="bma2">{{cite web
  | title = Stadhouderskade 42. Rijksmuseum (1876/85). Interieur
  | work = Monumenten en Archeologie in Amsterdam
  | publisher = [[Amsterdam (municipality)|City of Amsterdam]]
  | url = http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksi.html
  | access-date = 1 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070202201716/http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksi.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2 February 2007|language=nl}}</ref>

A renovation of the south wing of the museum, also known as the 'fragment building' or 'Philips Wing', was completed in 1996, the same year that the museum held its first major photography exhibition featuring its extensive collection of 19th-century photos.<ref>''A new art: photography in the 19th century. The photo collection of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam'', edited by curators Mattie Boom and Hans Rooseboom, preface by Peter Schatborn and Ronald de Leeuw, essays by Jan Piet Filedt Kok, Mattie Boom, Hans Rosenboom, Robbert van Venetie, Hedi Hegeman, Andreas Blühm, Saskia Asser and Annet Zondervan, Rijksmuseum & Van Gogh Museum, 1996, {{ISBN|90-5349-193-7}}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:RIJKSMUSEUM, Cruz y Ortiz, foto- Duccio Malagamba (14220948766).jpg|thumb|The atrium after the renovation in 2013]]
[[File:Incoming state visit France - 52826077562.jpg|thumb|French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] with members of the French and Dutch governments at the Rijksmuseum in 2023]]
In December 2003, the main building of the museum closed for a major renovation. During this renovation, about 400 objects from the collection were on display in the 'fragment building', including [[Rembrandt]]'s ''The Night Watch'' and other 17th-century masterpieces.<ref>{{cite web
 |title        = Final Design The New Rijksmuseum
 |work         = The New Rijksmuseum
 |publisher    = Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
 |url          = http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/hetnieuwerijksmuseum/definitief-ontwerp?lang=en
 |access-date   = 1 April 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090919133348/http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/hetnieuwerijksmuseum/definitief-ontwerp?lang=en
 |archive-date = 19 September 2009
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref>

The [[Building restoration|restoration]] and [[renovation]] of the Rijksmuseum are based on a design by Spanish architects [[Cruz y Ortiz|Antonio Cruz and Antonio Ortiz]]. Many of the old interior decorations were restored and the floors in the courtyards were removed. The renovation would have initially taken five years, but was delayed and eventually took almost ten years to complete. The renovation cost [[euro|€]]375&nbsp;million.<ref name="renovationcost"/>

The reconstruction of the building was completed on 16 July 2012. In March 2013, the museum's main pieces of art were moved back from the 'fragment building' (Philips Wing) to the main building. ''[[The Night Watch]]'' returned to the Night Watch Room, at the end of the Hall of Fame. On 13 April 2013, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix.<ref name="bbcopening"/> On 1 November 2014, the Philips Wing reopened with the exhibition ''[[Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century]]''.

===List of directors===
[[File:Queen Beatrix and Wim Pijbes.jpg|thumb|[[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Queen Beatrix]] and museum director [[Wim Pijbes]] in 2013]]
* [[Cornelis Sebille Roos]]<ref name="history"/>
* [[Cornelis Apostool]] (1808–1844)<ref name="history"/>
* [[Jan Willem Pieneman]] (1844–1847)<ref>[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio/artists/jan-willem-pieneman Jan Willem Pieneman] Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 25 June 2023.</ref>
* {{ill|Johann Wilhelm Kaiser|nl}} (1873–1883)
* [[Frederik Daniël Otto Obreen]] (1883–1896)<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search/objecten?q=directeur+rijksmuseum&v=list&p=1&ps=10#/SK-A-2724,1 Frederik Daniël Otto Obreen (1840–96)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103114539/https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search/objecten?q=directeur+rijksmuseum&v=list&p=1&ps=10#/SK-A-2724,1 |date=3 November 2013 }}, Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 2 May 2013.</ref>
* [[Barthold Willem Floris van Riemsdijk]] (1897–1921)<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/?/en/items/RIJK01xxCOLONxxSK-A-3101 Jonkheer Barthold Willem Floris van Riemsdijk (1850–1942)], Geheugen van Nederland. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[Frederik Schmidt-Degener]] (1921–1941)<ref>{{in lang|nl}} A.A.M. de Jong, [http://www.historici.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn1/schmidt Schmidt Degener, Frederik (1881–1941)], Historici.nl, 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[David Röell]] (1945–1959)<ref>{{in lang|nl}} Th.J. Meijer, [http://www.historici.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn2/roelldc Röell, jhr. David Cornelis (1894–1961)], Historici.nl, 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[Arthur F.E. van Schendel]] (1959–1975)<ref name="gedonderjaag">{{in lang|nl}} Lucette ter Borg, "[http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2844/Archief/archief/article/detail/559153/2000/10/12/Gedonderjaag-in-het-Rijksmuseum.dhtml Gedonderjaag in het Rijksmuseum]", ''[[de Volkskrant]]'', 2000. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[Simon Levie]] (1975–1989)<ref name="gedonderjaag"/>
* [[Henk van Os]] (1989–1996)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalartmuseum.de/site/person/58 |title=Henk van Os |access-date=25 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102204035/http://www.globalartmuseum.de/site/person/58 |archive-date=2 November 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Ronald de Leeuw]] (1996–2008)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://press.khm.at/fileadmin/content/KHM/Presse/2011/Wintermaerchen/CV_Prof__Ronald_de_Leeuw_engl.pdf |title=CV Prof. Dr. (h. c.) Ronald de Leeuw |publisher= [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] |access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref>
* [[Wim Pijbes]] (2008–2016)<ref>Charlotte Higgins (5 April 2013).[https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2013/apr/05/rijksmuseum-reopens-long-refurbishment-rethink "Rijksmuseum to reopen after dazzling refurbishment and rethink"]. ''[[The Guardian]]'' (London). Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
* [[Taco Dibbits]] (2016–present)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Taco Dibbits|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/taco-dibbits|access-date=2020-08-23|website=Rijksmuseum}}</ref>