Editing Riboflavin (section)

==Definition==
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B<sub>2</sub>, is a water-soluble [[vitamin]] and is one of the [[B vitamins]].<ref name="ods"/><ref name=DRItext /><ref name=PKIN2020B2>{{cite book |vauthors=Merrill AH, McCormick DB |title = Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eleventh Edition |chapter = Riboflavin |editor=BP Marriott |editor2=DF Birt |editor3=VA Stallings|editor4=AA Yates |publisher = Academic Press (Elsevier) |year=2020 |location = London, United Kingdom |pages = 189–208 |isbn=978-0-323-66162-1}}</ref> Unlike [[folate]] and [[vitamin B6|vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]], which occur in several chemically related forms known as [[vitamer]]s, riboflavin is only one chemical compound. It is a starting compound in the synthesis of the coenzymes [[flavin mononucleotide]] (FMN, also known as riboflavin-5'-phosphate) and [[flavin adenine dinucleotide]] (FAD). FAD is the more abundant form of flavin, reported to bind to 75% of the number of flavin-dependent protein encoded genes in the all-species genome (the flavoproteome)<ref name=Lienhart_2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lienhart WD, Gudipati V, Macheroux P | title = The human flavoproteome | journal = Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics | volume = 535 | issue = 2 | pages = 150–62 | date = Jul 2013 | pmid = 23500531 | doi = 10.1016/j.abb.2013.02.015 | pmc=3684772}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Macheroux P, Kappes B, Ealick SE | title = Flavogenomics--a genomic and structural view of flavin-dependent proteins | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 278 | issue = 15 | pages = 2625–34 | date = Aug 2011 | pmid = 21635694 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08202.x | s2cid = 22220250 | doi-access =  }}</ref> and serves as a co-enzyme for 84% of human-encoded flavoproteins.<ref name=Lienhart_2013/>

In its purified, solid form, riboflavin is a yellow-orange [[crystal]]line powder with a slight odor and bitter taste. It is soluble in polar [[solvent]]s, such as water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions, and slightly soluble in alcohols. It is not soluble in non-polar or weakly polar organic solvents such as chloroform, benzene or acetone.<ref name=pubchem/> In solution or during dry storage as a powder, riboflavin is heat stable if not exposed to light. When heated to decompose, it releases toxic fumes containing [[nitric oxide]].<ref name=pubchem>{{cite web |title=Riboflavin |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/493570 |publisher=PubChem, US National Library of Medicine |access-date=15 October 2021 |date=9 October 2021 |archive-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321160141/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/493570 |url-status=live }}</ref>