Editing Remembrance Day (section)

==Observance in the Commonwealth==
The common British, Canadian, South African, and [[Anzac Day|ANZAC]] tradition includes a one or [[two-minute silence]] at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month (11:00&nbsp;am, 11 November), as that marks the time (in the United Kingdom) when the armistice became effective.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/15492752 |title=Remembrance Day: What is it and how will 2020 be different? |publisher=BBC |date=8 November 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

The Service of Remembrance in many [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries generally includes the sounding of the "[[Last Post]]", followed by the period of silence, followed by the sounding of "[[Reveille]]" or sometimes just "[[The Rouse]]". The Service of Remembrance is finished by a recitation of the "[[Ode of Remembrance]]". The "[[Flowers of the Forest]]", "[[O Valiant Hearts]]", "[[I Vow to Thee, My Country]]" and "[[And did those feet in ancient time|Jerusalem]]" are often played during the service. Services also include wreaths laid to honour the fallen, blessings, and national anthems.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/feature/vetweek/comm_guide |title=A Guide to Commemorative Services – Veterans Affairs Canada |publisher=Veterans Affairs Canada |date=1 October 2011 |access-date=11 November 2011 |archive-date=9 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309121347/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/feature/vetweek/comm_guide |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The central ritual at [[cenotaph]]s throughout the Commonwealth is a stylised night vigil. "[[The Last Post]]" was the common bugle call at the close of the military day, and "The Rouse" was the first call of the morning. For military purposes, the traditional night vigil over the slain was not just to ensure they were indeed dead and not unconscious or in a coma, but also to guard them from being mutilated or despoiled by the enemy, or dragged off by scavengers. This makes the ritual more than just an act of remembrance but also a pledge to guard the honour of war dead. The act is enhanced by the use of dedicated cenotaphs (literally Greek for "empty tomb") and the laying of wreaths—the traditional means of signalling high honours in ancient Greece and Rome.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/customs-and-ceremony/wreaths |title=Laying of wreaths |publisher=Australian War Memorial |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

===Australia===
[[File:11 Nov gnangarra-15.jpg|thumb|left|The Australian Minister of Defence, [[Stephen Smith (Australian politician)|Stephen Smith]], lays a wreath at the Eternal flame in [[Kings Park, Western Australia]] on Remembrance Day, 2011]]
In Australia, Remembrance Day is always observed on 11 November, regardless of the day of the week, and is not a public holiday; it is a time when people can pay their respects to the substantial number of soldiers who died in battle. Some institutions observe two-minutes' silence at 11&nbsp;am through a program named Read 2 Remember,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.read2remember.org.au/ |title=Read 2 Remember |access-date=11 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113165704/http://www.read2remember.org.au/ |archive-date=13 November 2011  }}</ref> children read the ''Pledge of Remembrance'' by Rupert McCall, and teachers deliver specially developed resources to help children understand the significance of the day and the resilience of those who have fought for their country and call on children to also be resilient when facing difficult times. Services are held at 11&nbsp;am at [[war memorial]]s and schools in suburbs and cities across the country, at which the "Last Post" is sounded by a bugler and a one-minute silence is observed.  Some institutions observe this solemn occasion at 11:11&nbsp;am on the day,{{cn|date=March 2025}} adding two more soldiers to the ranks. When Remembrance Day falls on a normal working day in Melbourne and other major cities, buglers from the [[Australian Defence Force]] often play the "Last Post" at major street corners in the CBD. While this occurs, the majority of passers-by stop and observe a moment of silence while waiting for the bugler to finish the recital.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.3aw.com.au/cbd-intersections-come-to-a-standstill-for-remembrance-day/ |title=CBD intersections come to a standstill for Remembrance Day |publisher=3AW |date=11 November 2019 |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

====History in Australia====
[[File:Flag bearers assembled on the stage at City Hall during an Armistice Day service, Brisbane, ca. 1940 (4441874571).jpg|thumb|An Armistice Day service at Brisbane City Hall, 1940]]
In interwar Australia, Remembrance Day (then often referred to as Armistice Day) was a popular public commemoration. But from 1946 to the 1970s, Australians observed Remembrance Sunday following the British pattern.<ref>Minutes of meeting of Full Cabinet held at 2.30 pm, Monday, 25 March 1946, at Parliament House, Canberra, NAA A2703, 124, p. 3</ref> It is only in the 1980s and 1990s that Remembrance Day was once again systematically observed on 11 November. The resurgence of Remembrance Day became official on 30 October 1997, when the Governor-General, under the Howard government, proclaimed that "(a) 11 November in each year shall be known and observed as Remembrance Day; and (b) all Australians are urged to observe, unless impractical, a minute's silence at 11:00 on Remembrance Day each year".<ref>William Patrick Deane, Governor-General of Australia, [https://www.legislation.gov.au/file/1997GN44 Proclamation, no. S 437], Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, Thursday 30 October 1997. Accessed 11 November 2020. Page 117 of 124.</ref>

In recent decades, Remembrance Day has been largely eclipsed as the national day of war commemoration by [[ANZAC Day]] (25 April), which is a public holiday in all states.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337199887 |title="Remembrance Day: The Poor Cousin of Australian War Commemoration". In Carolyn Holbrook and Keir Reeves, ed. The Great War: Aftermath and Commemoration.|last=Fathi|first=Romain|publisher=NewSouth|year=2019|pages=218–220}}</ref> Attendance at Anzac Day services boomed, while that of Remembrance Day services continued to decline. Historian Romain Fathi explains, "In Australia, ANZAC Day has addressed the question of the meaning of the war far better than Remembrance Day or Remembrance Sunday. It can acknowledge loss and suffering with a nod to the sacred, while simultaneously representing imagined distinct national values such as mateship, laconic humour and stoicism. This capacity to connect the national community to the numinous explains Anzac Day's primacy over Remembrance Day."<ref name=":0" />

===Barbados===
[[File:Barbados Remembrance Day.jpg|thumb|A Remembrance Day parade and service in [[Bridgetown, Barbados]], 2019]]
In Barbados, Remembrance Day is not a [[Public holidays in Barbados|public holiday]]. It is recognised as 11 November, but the parade and ceremonial events are carried out on Remembrance Sunday.<ref>{{cite news|title=Remembrance Day Parade |author=Staff writer |url=http://www.cbc.bb/index.pl/article?id=5297144 |agency=[[Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation]] |publisher=CBC |id=5297144 |date=9 November 2009 |access-date=10 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230714/http://www.cbc.bb/index.pl/article?id=5297144 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The day is commemorated to recognise the Barbadian soldiers who died fighting in the [[World War I|First]] and [[World War II|Second World Wars]]. The parade is held at [[National Heroes Square|National Heroes' Square]], where an interdenominational service is held.<ref>{{cite news|first=Donna |last=Sealy |title=Salute to war dead |url=http://www.nationnews.com/news/local/remembrance-day-FRONT-PAGE-OTHER |newspaper=[[The Daily Nation (Barbados)|Nation Newspaper]] |date=9 November 2009 |access-date=10 November 2009 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The [[Governor-General of Barbados|Governor-General]] and Barbadian [[Prime Minister of Barbados|Prime Minister]] are among those who attend, along with other government dignitaries and the heads of the [[Royal Barbados Police Force|police]] and [[Barbados Defence Force|military]] forces. During the main ceremony a [[Gun salute#Heavy arms: gun salutes|gun salute]], wreaths, and prayers are also performed at the war memorial Cenotaph at the heart of Heroes' Square in [[Bridgetown]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Sherrylyn |last=Clarke |url=https://www.nationnews.com/2020/10/31/remembrance-day-parade-november-8/ |title=Remembrance Day Parade on November 8 |publisher=Nation News |date=31 October 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

===Belize===
In Belize, Remembrance Day is observed on 11 November.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Trujillo|first1=Renee|title=Remembrance Day Observed in Belize|url=http://lovefm.com/2015/11/11/remembrance-day-observed-in-belize/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114014940/http://lovefm.com/2015/11/11/remembrance-day-observed-in-belize/|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 November 2015|access-date=12 November 2015|work=LoveFM|date=11 November 2015}}</ref> It is not a [[public holidays in Belize|public holiday]].

===Bermuda===
[[File:Rembrance Day Parade Bermuda.jpg|thumb|Remembrance Day Parade, Hamilton, Bermuda, 1991]]
[[File:Remembrance Day ceremony at HMS Jervis Bay memorial at Hamilton, Bermuda.jpg|thumb|Remembrance Day ceremony at [[HMS Jervis Bay]] memorial in [[Bermuda]]]]
In the [[British Overseas Territory]] and former [[Imperial fortress]] of [[Bermuda]], which sent the first colonial volunteer unit to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] in 1915, and which had more people per capita in uniform during the [[Second World War]] than any other part of the Empire, Remembrance Day is still an important holiday. The parade in [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]] had historically been a large and colourful one, as contingents from the Royal Navy, British Regular Army and Territorial Army units of the [[Bermuda Garrison]], the Canadian Forces, the US Army, Air Force, and Navy, and various cadet corps and other services all at one time or another marched with the veterans. Since the closing of British, Canadian, and American bases in 1995, the parade has barely grown smaller. In addition to the ceremony held in the City of Hamilton on Remembrance Day itself, marching to the Cenotaph (a smaller replica of the one in London), where wreaths are laid and orations made, the Royal Navy and the [[Bermuda Sea Cadet Corps]] held a parade the same day at the {{HMS|Jervis Bay}} memorial in Hamilton, and a smaller military parade is also held in [[St. George, Bermuda|St. George's]] on the nearest Sunday to Remembrance Day before the [[Royal Garrison Artillery]] memorial in the King's Square.<ref>[http://www.bermuda-online.org/warveterans.htm "Bermuda Online honors Bermuda's war veterans"].</ref>

===Canada===
[[File:Lest we forget.jpg|thumb|A remembrance poppy distributed by the [[Royal Canadian Legion]] worn on a lapel]]

[[Veterans Affairs Canada]] states that Remembrance Day ({{lang|fr|Jour du Souvenir}}) is intended for "remembrance for the men and women who have served, and continue to serve our country during times of war, conflict and peace"; particularly the First and Second World Wars, the [[Korean War]], and all conflicts since then in which members of the [[Canadian Armed Forces]] have participated.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/a-day-of-remembrance/r_intro| last=Veterans Affairs Canada| author-link=Veterans Affairs Canada| title=Remembrance – History – A Day of Remembrance – Introduction| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| date=23 October 2014| access-date=13 October 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014062455/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/a-day-of-remembrance/r_intro| archive-date=14 October 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref> The department runs a program called Canada Remembers, with the mission of helping young and new Canadians, most of whom have never known war, "come to understand and appreciate what those who have served Canada in times of war, armed conflict, and peace stand for and what they have sacrificed for their country."<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/canrem| last=Veterans Affairs Canada| author-link=Veterans Affairs Canada| title=Canada Remembers > About Canada Remembers| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| access-date=11 November 2011| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119065820/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/canrem| archive-date=19 January 2012| df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Remembrance Day is a [[Public holidays in Canada#Federal statutory holidays, also observed in some provinces|statutory holiday for federally regulated employees]] and a provincial and territorial statutory holiday in six of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|10 provinces and all three territories]]. [[Nova Scotia]] recognizes the day under separate legislation.<ref>{{Cite canlaw|short title  =Remembrance Day Act|abbr =R.S.N.S.|year =1989|chapter =396|link=https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/remembrance%20day.pdf}}</ref> [[Manitoba]], [[Ontario]], and [[Quebec]] are the only three provinces where the day is not a statutory holiday.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.ns.ca/lae/employmentrights/remembrance.asp| last=Ministry of Labour and Advanced Education| title=Remembrance Day Holiday in Nova Scotia| publisher=Queen's Printer for Nova Scotia| access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.statutoryholidays.com/ontario.php| title=Statutory holidays in Ontario| publisher=Statutory Holidays Canada| access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/standards/doc,remembrance-day,factsheet.html| last=Office of Employment Standards| title=Remembrance Day in Manitoba| publisher=Queen's Printer for Manitoba| access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.statutoryholidays.com/index.php| title=Public Holidays in Canada| publisher=Statutory Holidays Canada| access-date=11 November 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110110358/http://www.statutoryholidays.com/index.php| archive-date=10 November 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Royal Canadian Legion]] is officially against making the day a national statutory holiday, in part because its leadership believes the time free from work or school would eventually overtake the memorial purpose of the occasion, whereas, having schools in regular session on that day would be an opportunity for children to be taught the day's true significance in a mandatory fashion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Remembrance Day should be a national holiday |url=https://www.macleans.ca/opinion/why-remembrance-day-should-be-a-national-holiday/ |access-date=12 November 2020 |publisher=Maclean's |date=5 November 2019}}</ref> In a more informal manner, there has been opinion voiced against the trend of [[Christmas creep]], so that the conclusion of Remembrance Day should be the earliest acceptable time in which to mark the beginning of the Christmas holidays.<ref>{{cite news |title='Christmas creep': Is it too soon for holiday decorations? |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/christmas-creep-is-it-too-soon-for-holiday-decorations-1.2087505 |access-date=1 November 2019 |agency=CTV News |date=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Mark |title=Poppy dresses fight Christmas creep, honour Remembrance Day |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/stjohns-stores-make-poppy-dresses-whink-bridal-boutique-honour-veterans-1.3843939 |access-date=1 November 2019 |agency=CBC News |date=10 November 2016}}</ref>

====History in Canada====
Canadians began to commemorate their veterans and war dead as early as 1890, when [[Decoration Day (Canada)|Decoration Day]] began to be observed on 2 June, the anniversary of the [[Battle of Ridgeway]] against the [[Fenian]]s in 1866.<ref name=RemDayCE/><ref name=vr>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/canadas-forgotten-first-remembrance-day/article5176843/| last=Vronsky| first=Peter| title=Canada's forgotten first remembrance day| date=10 November 2012| newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref> A further observance was, from 1900 to 1918, held on 27 February to mark the Canadian victory over the [[Boer]]s at the [[Battle of Paardeberg]].<ref name=RemDayCE/><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/canadas-first-remembrance-day/article21525359/| last=Martin| first=Lawrence| title=Canada's first remembrance day| date=11 November 2014| newspaper=The Globe and Mail}}</ref>
[[File:WLMK laying wreath.jpg|thumb|[[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] lays a wreath at the future location of the [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]] in [[Ottawa]], 1937]]

The first Armistice Day commemoration was in 1919, when King [[George V]] called on all countries in the [[British Empire]] to observe it.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/5-things/flashback-friday-king-george-lays-foundation-for-remembrance-day-1.2640451| author=<!--not stated-->| title=King George lays foundation for Remembrance Day| date=6 November 2015| publisher=[[CTV News]]}}</ref> It was later placed on a statutory footing in 1921, after the [[Parliament of Canada]] provided that [[Thanksgiving (Canada)|Thanksgiving]] and Armistice Day would both be held on the Monday of the week in which 11 November fell.<ref>{{Cite canlaw| link=https://archive.org/details/actsofparl1921v01cana/page/50/mode/2up?view=theater| short title=Armistice Day Act| abbr=S.C.| year=1921| chapter=16}}</ref> [[Charles Dickie]], the Conservative Member of Parliament for [[Nanaimo (electoral district)|Nanaimo]], campaigned to change the name from Armistice Day to Remembrance Day,<ref name=RemDayCE>{{Cite web| url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/remembrance-day| title=Remembrance Day in Canada| publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref> which was approved in 1931, when Parliament accordingly amended the act, with its observance fixed on 11 November.<ref>{{Cite canlaw| short title=An Act to amend the Armistice Day Act| abbr =S.C.| year=1931| chapter=4| link=https://archive.org/details/actsofparl1931v01cana/page/24/mode/2up}}</ref>

Several other days of remembrance for veterans were also created, including the [[National Aboriginal Veterans Day]], inaugurated in 1994 to recognise the contribution of [[Aboriginal peoples in Canada|Aboriginal]] soldiers.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/indigenous-canadians-remember-ancestors-who-fought-died-in-war/article32725644/| last=Berthiaume| first=Lee| title=Indigenous Canadians remember ancestors who fought, died in war| date=8 November 2016| newspaper=The Globe & Mail}}</ref> In 2001, Merchant Navy Remembrance Day was created by the Canadian Parliament, designating 3 September as a day to recognise the contributions and sacrifice of [[Canadian merchant mariners]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mastermariners-capital.ca/resolutions.htm| title=R-03-2001: A Resolution to designate the 3rd of September each year as "Merchant Navy Day"| publisher=Company of Master Mariners of Canada| accessdate=7 August 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414112616/http://www.mastermariners-capital.ca/resolutions.htm|archive-date=14 April 2009}}</ref>

====Ceremonies====
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The national ceremonies organized by the federal government is held at the [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]] in Ottawa. These are presided over by the [[governor general of Canada]] (who acts as [[Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces|commander-in-chief]] in [[Monarchy of Canada|the monarch]]'s name) and attended by the [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime minister]], other dignitaries, the [[Silver Cross Mother|Silver Cross mother]], and public observers. Occasionally, a member of the [[Monarchy of Canada#Royal family and house|Canadian royal family]] may also be present (such as [[Charles III|Prince Charles]] in 2009<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1294862464851/1294862464853 | title=Government of Canada Announces the Itinerary for the 2009 Visit of The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall | date=30 October 2009 | access-date=11 November 2011 | archive-date=30 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430092210/http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1294862464851/1294862464853 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]] in 2014<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2014/11/11/canada_remembers_national_war_memorial_rededicated.html| author=The Canadian Press| title=Canada remembers: Governor General rededicates National War Memorial| date=11 November 2014| newspaper=Toronto Star| access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref>).

English and French languages were used throughout the ceremony because Ottawa is officially bilingual, and the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area is a mix of anglophones and francophones.

Before the start of the event, four sentries and three sentinels (two flag sentinels and one nursing sister) are posted at the foot of the cenotaph. The commemoration then typically begins with the tolling of the [[carillon]] in the [[Peace Tower]], during which current members of the Armed Forces arrive at [[Confederation Square]], followed by the Ottawa [[diplomatic corps]], [[ministers of the Crown]], special guests, the RCL, the royal party (if present), and the viceregal party. The arrival of the governor general is announced by a trumpeter sounding the "Alert", whereupon the viceroy is met by the dominion president of the RCL and escorted to a dais to receive the "[[Vice Regal Salute]]", after which the [[national anthem]], "[[O Canada]]", is played and sung in English and French by the Ottawa Children's Choir, accompanied by the Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces

[[File:Remembrance Day Trumpeter Ottawa 2010.jpg|thumb|The moment of silence in Canada is preceded by the bugling of "[[Last Post]]" immediately before 11&nbsp;am]]

The moment of remembrance begins with the bugling of "Last Post", immediately before 11:00 am, when the [[21-gun salute#Canada|21-gun salute]] fires and the bells of the Peace Tower toll the hour. Two minutes pass between the first and second volleys of the gun salute to maintain silence for that period, as instituted across the Commonwealth by King George V.<ref>{{citation| url=http://crht.ca/royal-birthday-salute/| last=Toporoski| first=Richard| title=Royal Birthday Salute| publisher=Canadian Royal Heritage Trust| accessdate=18 May 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515074921/http://crht.ca/royal-birthday-salute/|archive-date=15 May 2015| url-status=dead}}</ref> The cessation of the two minutes of silence is cued by the playing of a [[lament]], the bugling of "The Rouse", and the reading of the ''[[Act of Remembrance]]''. A [[flypast]] of [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] craft then occurs, upon the completion of which a choir sings "[[In Flanders Fields]]".<ref name=can>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/remembranceday/we-remember-canadians-mark-remembrance-day-at-ottawa-ceremony-1.2652974 |title='We remember': Canadians mark Remembrance Day at Ottawa ceremony |publisher=CTV News |date=11 November 2015 |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Remembrance Day 2017 in Ottawa Canada 47.jpg|thumb|Remembrance poppies atop the [[Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]]]]

The various parties then lay their wreaths at the base of the memorial. By tradition, the Governor General always lays the first wreath followed by the Silver Cross mother (a recent recipient of the [[Memorial Cross]]) on behalf of all mothers whose children died in conflicts in which Canada participated. The viceregal and royal group return to the dais to receive the playing of the Canadian royal anthem, "[[God Save the King]]", sung in French and English, prior to the assembled armed forces personnel and veterans performing a [[march past]] in front of the viceroy and any royal guest, bringing about the end of the official ceremonies.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.legion.ca/asp/docs/feature/RemDay_e.asp| title=National Remembrance Day Ceremony 2007| publisher=Royal Canadian Legion| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080525114057/http://www.legion.ca/asp/docs/feature/RemDay_e.asp| archive-date=25 May 2008|access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref> A tradition of paying a more personal tribute has emerged since the [[Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier|Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]] was installed at the [[Canadian National War Memorial]] in 2000: after the official ceremony, the general public place their poppies atop the tomb.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/known-unto-god-the-story-of-canadas-unknown-soldier |title=Known unto God: How Canadians embraced their Unknown Soldier |publisher=Ottawa Citizen |date=10 November 2018 |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

Similar ceremonies take place in provincial capitals across the country, officiated by the relevant [[Lieutenant Governor (Canada)|lieutenant governor]], as well as in other cities, towns, and even hotels or corporate headquarters. Schools will usually hold special assemblies for the first half of the day or on the school day prior, with various presentations concerning the remembrance of the war dead. The ceremony participants include veterans, current members of the Canadian forces, and sea, army, and air cadet units.<ref name=can/>

===India===
[[File:The Chief of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal N.A.K. Browne leads ‘Remembrance Day’ tribute, in Delhi on November 13, 2011.jpg|thumb|[[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]], Air Chief Marshal [[Norman Anil Kumar Browne|N. A. K. Browne]] leads a Remembrance Day tribute in [[New Delhi]], 13 November 2011.]]
In India, the day is usually marked by tributes and ceremonies in army cantonments. There are memorial services in some churches such as St. Mark's Cathedral and St. John's Church in [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-remembrance-day-commemorated-in-bangalore-1763661 |title=Remembrance day commemorated in Bangalore &#124; Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=12 November 2012 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref> At [[Kohima]] and [[Imphal]] in the remote hillsides of [[Northeast India]], services of remembrance supported by the [[Indian Army]] are observed at [[Kohima War Cemetery|Kohima]] and [[Imphal War Cemetery|Imphal War Cemeteries]] (maintained by the [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]]). The day is also marked at the [[Delhi War Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Centenary Digital |url=http://www.centenarynews.com/article/?id=1227 |title=Delhi War Cemetery marks Remembrance Day 2013 |publisher=Centenarynews.com |access-date=18 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032049/http://www.centenarynews.com/article/?id=1227 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In other places in India this event is not observed. In 2013, [[Prince Charles]] and [[Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall]], marked the day in [[Mumbai]]'s St. John the Evangelist Church.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nelson|first1=Dean|title=Prince of Wales commemorates Remembrance Sunday in India|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/10438991/Prince-of-Wales-commemorates-Remembrance-Sunday-in-India.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/prince-charles/10438991/Prince-of-Wales-commemorates-Remembrance-Sunday-in-India.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=5 September 2015|work=The Telegraph|date=10 November 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Kenya===
In Kenya, the Kenya Armed Forces Old Comrades Association (KAFOCA) was established in Kenya immediately in 1945 to cater for the welfare of the Ex-servicemen of the First and the Second World Wars. The KAFOCA and Kenyan government recognise Remembrance Day.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/kenya/article/2001302344/kenya-joins-in-commemorating-world-war-veterans |title=Kenya joins in commemorating Remembrance Day of World War veterans |publisher=Standard Media |date=11 November 2018 |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

===New Zealand===
[[File:Shane Reti lays wreath 2021.jpg|thumb|[[Shane Reti]] lays a wreath at the [[Tomb of the Unknown Warrior (New Zealand)|New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]] on behalf of the [[Official Opposition (New Zealand)|Official Opposition]] to commemorate Armistice Day, 2021]]
Armistice Day was observed in New Zealand between the World Wars, although it was always secondary to Anzac Day. As in other countries, New Zealand's Armistice Day was converted to Remembrance Day after World War II. However, by the mid-1950s, the day was virtually ignored, even by churches and veterans' organisations.<ref>Helen Robinson, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150127094606/http://www.nzjh.auckland.ac.nz/docs/2010/NZJH_44_1_05.pdf 'Lest we Forget? The Fading of New Zealand War Commemorations, 1946–1966'], ''New Zealand Journal of History'', 44, 1 (2010) p. 76-91 .</ref>

As a result, New Zealand's national day of remembrance is Anzac Day, 25 April.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage |title=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage: Anzac Day |publisher=Mch.govt.nz |access-date=11 November 2011 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305030644/https://mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage |url-status=dead }}</ref> Poppy Day" usually occurs on the Friday before Anzac Day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rsa.org.nz/remem/poppy_intro.html |title=NZ Returned Services Association: Poppy Day |publisher=Rsa.org.nz |access-date=11 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019191349/http://www.rsa.org.nz/remem/poppy_intro.html |archive-date=19 October 2011  }}</ref> The reason for New Zealand having their remembrance on Anzac Day happened in 1921. The paper Poppies for Armistice that year arrived by ship too late for 11 November 1921, so an RSA branch distributed them at the next commemoration date (25 April 1922, which happened to be Anzac Day) and that date stuck as the new Poppy Day in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/new-zealands-first-poppy-day-held |title=New Zealand's first poppy day |publisher=Government of New Zealand |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

===Saint Lucia===
[[File:Governor-General's Remembrance Day Address 2018.jpg|thumb|Saint Lucian Governor General [[Neville Cenac]] during his Remembrance Day address, 2018]]
Like Barbados, [[Saint Lucia]] does not recognise Remembrance Day as a public holiday. Instead, ceremonial events such as parades and other activities are held on Remembrance Sunday. The parade is held at the central square, namely the [[Derek Walcott Square]], where the Cenotaph is located. There, members of the [[Law enforcement in Saint Lucia|Royal St Lucia Police Force]] and other uniformed groups such as the St Lucia Cadet Corps pay tribute through commemoration of St. Lucian men and women who fought in the war.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.stlucianewsonline.com/st-lucia-observes-rememberance-day/ |title=St. Lucia observes Remembrance Day |publisher=St. Lucia News Online |date=10 November 2014 |access-date=10 November 2020 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110202922/https://www.stlucianewsonline.com/st-lucia-observes-rememberance-day/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===South Africa===
In South Africa, Remembrance Day is not a public holiday. Commemoration ceremonies are usually held on the nearest Sunday, at which the "Last Post" is played by a bugler followed by the observation of a two-minute silence. Ceremonies to mark the event in South Africa are held at the [[The Cenotaph, Cape Town|Cenotaph]] in [[Cape Town]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Cenotaph war memorial restored in time for Remembrance Day |url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Pages/CenotaphwarmemorialrestoredRemembranceDay.aspx |date=28 October 2013 |publisher=[[City of Cape Town]] |access-date=2 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808040342/https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Pages/CenotaphwarmemorialrestoredRemembranceDay.aspx |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> and in [[Pretoria]] at the [[Voortrekker Monument]] cenotaph and the War Memorial at the [[Union Buildings]]. Many high schools hold Remembrance Day services to honour the past pupils who died in the two World Wars and the [[South African Border War|Border War]]. In addition, the [[South African Legion of Military Veterans]] holds a street collection on the nearest Saturday to gather funds to assist in welfare work among military veterans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salegion.co.za/about-the-sa-legion.html |title=About the South African Legion |publisher=SA Legion |access-date=3 August 2014}}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
[[File:Remembrance Day 2020 (50589809201).jpg|thumb|A two-minute silence held by First Minister of Scotland, [[Nicola Sturgeon]], and members of the British Armed Forces on Remembrance Day]]
[[File:Remembrance Sunday in Whitehall 2024-11-10-10-57-C.jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Keir Starmer]] and Opposition Leader [[Kemi Badenoch]] were seen together at the Remembrance Day event on November 10, 2024.]]
Wreath-laying ceremonies, usually organised by local branches of the [[Royal British Legion]], are observed on Remembrance Day at most war memorials across the UK at 11&nbsp;am on 11 November, with two minutes of silence observed; a custom which had lapsed before a campaign for its revival began in the early 1990s.<ref name="Hall">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/515640.stm|title=UK War dead remembered |last=Hall|first=Robert|date=11 November 1999|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref> The silence is also broadcast as a special programme on BBC with a voice over usually saying "This is BBC One. Now on the 11th hour, of the 11th day of the 11th month. The traditional two-minute silence for Armistice Day." The programme starts with a close up of the Big Ben clock chiming 11 and then the programme shows different parts of the world observing the silence. The programme ends with a bugler sounding "[[The Rouse]]" and then normal programming is resumed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07ksvfg|title= Two Minutes Silence – Remembrance Day|website=BBC One|language=en-GB|access-date=6 November 2019}}</ref>

Many employers and businesses invite their staff and customers to observe the two minutes' silence at 11:00&nbsp;am.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news | publisher=BBC | title=War dead remembered  | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/515640.stm |date=11 November 1999 |access-date=11 November 2011}}</ref> The beginning and end of the two minutes' silence is often marked in large towns and cities by the firing of field artillery gun, often provided by the local [[Royal Artillery]] battery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rbwm.gov.uk/web/news_20713_remembrance_arrangements.htm|title=The Royal Borough remembers&nbsp;– Remembrance Day and Armistice Day arrangements|last=Anon|publisher=The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead|access-date=6 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207012511/http://www.rbwm.gov.uk/web/news_20713_remembrance_arrangements.htm|archive-date=7 February 2015}}</ref>
[[File:HMS Forward officers marching in Birmingham, 2010.jpg|thumb|Officers of the Royal Navy on parade on Remembrance Day, 2010]]
The first two-minute silence held in London (11 November 1919) was reported in ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'' on 12 November 1919:

<blockquote>The first stroke of eleven produced a magical effect.

The tram cars glided into stillness, motors ceased to cough and fume, and stopped dead, and the mighty-limbed dray horses hunched back upon their loads and stopped also, seeming to do it of their own volition.

Someone took off his hat, and with a nervous hesitancy the rest of the men bowed their heads also. Here and there an old soldier could be detected slipping unconsciously into the posture of 'attention'. An elderly woman, not far away, wiped her eyes, and the man beside her looked white and stern. Everyone stood very still ... The hush deepened. It had spread over the whole city and become so pronounced as to impress one with a sense of audibility. It was a silence which was almost pain ... And the spirit of memory brooded over it all.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/CUSTOMS/Remembrance.html|title=Remembrance Day in Britain|last=Barrow|first=Mandy|publisher=[[Woodlands Junior School]]|access-date=11 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110170814/http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/Remembrance.html|archive-date=10 November 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref></blockquote>

====Remembrance Sunday====
{{main|Remembrance Sunday}}
[[File:Wreaths Are Laid at the Cenotaph, London During Remembrance Sunday Service MOD 45152052.jpg|thumb|Wreath laying ceremony during the [[National Service of Remembrance]], 2010]]
In the United Kingdom, the main observance is [[Remembrance Sunday]], held on the Sunday nearest to 11 November. There is a [[National Service of Remembrance]] in London, as well as other services and ceremonies in the regions. Typically, poppy wreaths are laid by representatives of the Crown, the armed forces, and local civic leaders, as well as by local organisations including ex-servicemen organisations, [[Cadets|cadet forces]], the [[The Scout Association|Scouts]], [[Girlguiding UK|Guides]], [[Boys' Brigade]], [[St John Ambulance]] and the [[Salvation Army]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds turn out for Remembrance Day parade in Rugby |newspaper=[[The Rugby Advertiser]] |date=12 November 2012 |url=http://www.rugbyadvertiser.co.uk/news/hundreds-turn-out-for-remembrance-day-parade-in-rugby-1-4468602 |access-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111205556/http://www.rugbyadvertiser.co.uk/news/hundreds-turn-out-for-remembrance-day-parade-in-rugby-1-4468602 |archive-date=11 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BBC2016">{{cite news |title=Remembrance Sunday: Services honour war dead |date=13 November 2016 |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37965546 |access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> A minute's or two minutes' silence is also frequently incorporated into church services.<ref name="Telegraph2017">{{cite news |date=11 November 2017 |title=Armistice Day, poppies and why the act of remembrance matters |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/what-is-armistice-day-why-do-we-wear-poppies-and-when-is-remembr/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/what-is-armistice-day-why-do-we-wear-poppies-and-when-is-remembr/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=11 November 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

British diplomatic missions also organise services on Remembrance Sunday. Services organised by British missions in Israel include one at the [[Jerusalem British War Cemetery]], organised by the British Consul in Jerusalem; and another at [[Ramleh Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery]], organised by the British embassy in [[Tel Aviv]]. The Ramleh ceremony is the larger and is also attended by veterans of the Second World War.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4931260 |title=Jewish veterans gather to mark Remembrance Sunday at Ramleh War Cemetery |publisher=Haaretz |date=11 November 2006 |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

====Commemorative coins and exhibitions====
In 2014, the [[Royal Mint]] issued a colour-printed [[Alderney]] [[Five pounds (British coin)|£5 coin]], designed by engraver Laura Clancy, to commemorate Remembrance Day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalmint.com/shop/The_Remembrance_Day_2014_Alderney_5_pound_Brilliant_Uncirculated_Coin|title=The Remembrance Day 2014 Alderney £5 Brilliant Uncirculated Coin|author=Darrell|work=The Royal Mint|access-date=11 November 2014|archive-date=2 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402041927/http://www.royalmint.com/shop/The_Remembrance_Day_2014_Alderney_5_pound_Brilliant_Uncirculated_Coin|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Also in 2014, to commemorate the outbreak of World War I a huge display called [[Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red]], consisting of 888,246 ceramic poppies was installed in the moat of the [[Tower of London]], each poppy representing a British Empire fatality.<ref>{{cite news |title=WW1 centenary poppies 'planted' in Tower of London moat |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-28294770 |access-date=10 November 2020 |work=BBC News |date=17 July 2014}}</ref>

On 5 November 2018 and set to continue for 4 months, about 10,000 torches were lit at the foot of the Tower's walls, in its dry [[moat]] to mark the [[centenary]] of the end of the World War I.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/tower-of-london-lights-up-in-stunning-armistice-memorial|title=Tower of London lights up in stunning Armistice memorial|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=5 November 2018|access-date=13 November 2018}}</ref>

====Northern Ireland====
[[File:Remembrance Day Parade, Omagh - geograph.org.uk - 609465.jpg|thumb|A Remembrance Day parade taking place in [[Omagh]], 2007]]
Remembrance Day is officially observed in [[Northern Ireland]] in the same way as in the rest of United Kingdom, although it tends to be associated more with the [[Unionism in Ireland|unionist]] community. Most [[Irish nationalism|Irish nationalists]] and [[Irish republicanism|republicans]] do not take part in the public commemoration of British soldiers organised by the Royal British Legion. This is mainly due to the [[Operation Banner#Controversies|actions of the British Army]] during [[The Troubles]]. However, some moderate nationalists began to attend Remembrance Day events as a way to connect with the unionist community. In 1987 a [[Remembrance Day bombing|bomb was detonated]] by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) just before a Remembrance Sunday ceremony in [[Enniskillen]], killing eleven people. The bombing was widely condemned and attendance at Remembrance events, by both nationalists and unionists, rose in the following years.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Helen |title=Remembering War in the Midst of Conflict: First World War Commemorations in the Northern Irish Troubles |journal=Twentieth Century British History |date=1 December 2009 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=80–101 |doi=10.1093/tcbh/hwp047}}</ref> The [[Republic of Ireland]] has a [[National Day of Commemoration]] in July for all [[Irish people]] who have died in war.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/commemoration/leonard/leonard97.htm |title=Memorials to the Casualties of Conflict: Northern Ireland 1969 to 1997 |last=Leonard |first=Jane |year=1997 |publisher=University of Ulster |access-date=10 November 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927024208/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/commemoration/leonard/leonard97.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>