Editing Redondo Beach, California (section)

== History ==
[[File:Manuel Domínguez of California.jpg|thumb|left|Don [[Manuel Dominguez|Manuel Domínguez]], a signer of the [[Californian Constitution]] and owner of [[Rancho San Pedro]], which included all of modern-day Redondo.]]
[[File:View of Redondo Beach Pier and railroad station from the Redondo Hotel, whose garden is also seen, ca.1900 (CHS-1371).jpg|thumb|left|View of Redondo Beach Pier and railroad station from the Redondo Hotel, {{Circa|1900}}]]
[[File:RedondoBeach-1906.jpg|thumb|left|Redondo Beach, 1906]]

The South Bay area was originally inhabited by the [[Tongva]] tribe of Native Americans. Archeological work in the nearby [[Chowigna, California|Chowigna]] excavation show evidence of inhabitants as far back as 7,100 years ago. The Chowigna band of Tongva used the site of today's Hopkins Wilderness Park in Redondo Beach, (formerly Nike missile site LA-57 from 1956 to 1963,) as a lookout place.<ref>{{Cite news
| last = Lacey
| first = Marc
| title = An Urban Oasis : Surrounded by condos sits a place the Chowigna Indians once used as a lookout spot. Today, people go there for an escape.
| work = Los Angeles Times
| access-date = March 15, 2014
| date = April 17, 1992
| url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-04-17-me-558-story.html
}}
</ref> The wetlands located at the site of the retired AES power plant in Redondo Beach were a source of foods including halibut, lobster, and sea bass, and also of salt.<ref>{{Cite news
 |last        = Brand
 |first       = Bill
 |title       = "Heart Park" Restoring Redondo Beach
 |work        = The Foggy View, Supplement to the March 2005 Southern Sierran, Sierra Club Palos Verdes - South Bay Group / Angeles Chapter
 |access-date  = March 15, 2014
|url         = http://angeles.sierraclub.org/pvsb/archives/fv_2005_03.pdf
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140716080203/http://angeles.sierraclub.org/pvsb/archives/fv_2005_03.pdf
 |archive-date = July 16, 2014
}}</ref>

The Tongva village of Ongovanga or Onoova-nga,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Greene |first=Sean |last2=Curwen |first2=Thomas |date=2019-05-09 |title=Mapping the Tongva villages of L.A.'s past |url=https://www.latimes.com/projects/la-me-tongva-map/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=www.latimes.com |language=en}}</ref> meaning "Place of Salt," was located near a salt lake the [[old Redondo Salt Lake]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=AES Power Plant Informational Brief |url=http://aesredondomustgo.blog.com/files/2011/05/BBR_Presentation_AES-Brief_6-July-Rev-2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126141437/http://aesredondomustgo.blog.com/files/2011/05/BBR_Presentation_AES-Brief_6-July-Rev-2.pdf |archive-date=November 26, 2013 |access-date=September 27, 2024}}</ref> "a spring-fed salt lake about {{Convert|200|yd|disp=sqbr}} wide and {{Convert|600|yd|disp=sqbr}} long situated about 200 yards from the ocean".<ref name="sjmerc">{{Cite news |date=May 20, 2010 |title=SOUTH BAY HISTORY: Redondo Beach's salt lake |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/california/ci_15119648 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233122/http://www.mercurynews.com/california/ci_15119648 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=September 27, 2024 |work=San Jose Mercury News}}</ref> Up through the 1700s, the Chowigna bartered salt from the lake with other tribes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AES Power Plant and Power Lines |url=https://www.southbayparks.org/aes-power-plant-and-power-lines |access-date=September 27, 2024 |website=South Bay Park Land Conservancy}}</ref>

The Chowigna were relocated to missions in 1854, when [[Manuel Dominguez]] sold {{convert|215|acre|ha}} of [[Rancho San Pedro]], including the lake, to Henry Allanson and William Johnson for the Pacific Salt Works.<ref name = "sjmerc"/><ref name="Building a Better Redondo">{{cite web
 |title        = AES Power Plant Informational Brief
 |work         = Building a Better Redondo
 |access-date  = June 16, 2013
 |date         = July 6, 2011
 |url          = http://aesredondomustgo.blog.com/files/2011/05/BBR_Presentation_AES-Brief_6-July-Rev-2.pdf
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20131126141437/http://aesredondomustgo.blog.com/files/2011/05/BBR_Presentation_AES-Brief_6-July-Rev-2.pdf
 |archive-date = November 26, 2013
}}</ref><ref name = "rbmuseum">{{cite web|url=http://www.redondo.org/civica/filebank/blobdload.asp?BlobID=24772|website=redondo.org|title=Welcome to the Redondo Beach Historical Museum: A self-guided tour|access-date=August 22, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Exterior view of the bathhouse at Redondo Beach, ca.1910 (CHS-5581).jpg|thumb|Redondo Beach saltwater bathhouse, constructed by [[Henry E. Huntington]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Swimming Pools at the Beach? When L.A. Took the Plunge |url=https://www.pbssocal.org/shows/lost-la/swimming-pools-at-the-beach-when-l-a-took-the-plunge |work=PBS SoCal |date=July 18, 2013 |language=en}}</ref> {{Circa|1910|lk=no}}]]

In 1983, the city of Redondo Beach adopted a resolution “recognizing the Goodyear Airship Columbia (aka Goodyear blimp) as the “Official Bird of Redondo Beach.”<ref name=":4">WTF Fun Fact 13163 - The Goodyear Blimp Redondo Beach Connection https://wtffunfact.com/wtf-fun-fact-13163-the-goodyear-blimp-redondo-beach-connection/</ref>

In 2022, the Redondo Beach government (along with the governments of [[Torrance, California|Torrance]], [[Carson, California|Carson]], and [[Whittier, California|Whittier]]) sued the California state government, seeking to block the [[California HOME Act]] (SB 9), which permits the construction of duplexes and fourplexes on lots.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=City News |date=April 1, 2022 |title=4 Cities Sue to Stop New California Law Permitting More Homes in Single-Family Neighborhoods |url=https://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2022/03/31/4-cities-sue-to-stop-new-california-law-permitting-more-homes-in-single-family-neighborhoods/ |website=Times of San Diego |language=en-US| quote=Four Southern California cities, led by wealthy Redondo Beach, }}</ref> Redondo Beach mayor Bill Brand has argued that there is no [[California housing shortage|housing crisis in Redondo Beach]].<ref name=":1" />

In 2023, Redondo Beach sued to prevent the transformation of the lot of an aging waterfront power plant into a village-style complex of 2,700 residential units (including 540 affordable units) and commercial space.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bach |first=Trevor |date=August 9, 2023 |title=YIMBY Law Files Builder's Remedy Suit Against Redondo Beach |url=https://therealdeal.com/la/2023/08/09/yimby-law-files-builders-remedy-suit-against-redondo-beach/ |access-date=September 2, 2023 |work=The Real Deal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bach |first=Trevor |date=May 12, 2023 |title=Redondo Beach Again Denies Builder's Remedy Project |url=https://therealdeal.com/la/2023/05/12/redondo-beach-again-denies-pustilnikovs-power-plant-project/ |access-date=September 2, 2023 |work=The Real Deal |language=en}}</ref> Bill Brand became mayor of Redondo Beach after spearheading the effort to block housing on the lot.<ref name=":1" /> The city's residents and political leaders have long advocated to retire the plant and allow it to be restored to its natural wetland state.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=AES Dune & Wetland Restoration|first=South Bay Park Land Conservancy |date=2023 |url=https://www.southbayparks.org/aes-power-plant-and-power-lines |title=South Bay Park Land Conservancy, AES Dune & Wetland Restoration |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
 |last         = Brand
 |first        = Bill
 |title        = "Heart Park" Restoring Redondo Beach
 |work         = The Foggy View, Supplement to the March 2005 Southern Sierran, Sierra Club Palos Verdes - South Bay Group / Angeles Chapter
 |access-date  = March 15, 2014
 |url          = http://angeles.sierraclub.org/pvsb/archives/fv_2005_03.pdf
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140716080203/http://angeles.sierraclub.org/pvsb/archives/fv_2005_03.pdf
 |archive-date = July 16, 2014
}}</ref>{{r|LAT_2022-11-14}} The city has also participated in legal proceedings to preserve its ability to participate in residential zoning decisions, including the discretion to regulate single-family homes from being transformed by for-profit developers into “six-on-a-lots.”<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=November 14, 2022 |title=Crude emails reveal nasty side of a California beach city's crusade to halt growth |url=https://www.latimes.com/homeless-housing/story/2022-11-14/crude-emails-reveal-nasty-side-of-a-california-beach-city-crusade-to-halt-growth |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US | quote=more than half of Redondo Beach’s residents are white, nearly double the rate of the L.A. area, per U.S. census data.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cody |first=Kevin |date=April 22, 2021 |title=Redondo acts to stop State from allowing "single-family home lot becoming six on a lot" |language=en-US |work=Easy Reader News |url=https://easyreadernews.com/redondo-acts-to-stop-state-from-allowing-single-family-home-lot-becoming-six-on-a-lot/}}</ref>