Editing Red Hat (section)

==History==
In 1993, [[Bob Young (businessman)|Bob Young]] incorporated the ACC Corporation, a [[mail order|catalog]] [[business]] that sold Linux and [[Unix]] software accessories. In 1994, [[Marc Ewing]] created his own Linux distribution, which he named [[Red Hat Linux]]<ref name=history/> (associated with the time Ewing wore a red [[Cornell University]] [[lacrosse]] hat, given to him by his grandfather, while attending [[Carnegie Mellon University]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.redhat.com/magazine/002dec04/features/name| title=How Red Hat Got Its Name| last=Young| first=Bob| publisher=Red Hat Magazine| date=Dec 2004| access-date=January 13, 2011| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315004449/https://www.redhat.com/magazine/002dec04/features/name/| archive-date=March 15, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-red-hat-got-its-name.html| archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20181118215417/https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-red-hat-got-its-name.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=November 18, 2018| title=How Red Hat Got Its Name| last=Gite| first=Vivek| publisher=nixCRAFT| date=December 19, 2006| access-date=January 13, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cac.cornell.edu/technologies/operating.aspx |title=Cornell University Center for Advanced Computing / Operating Systems / Red Hat (archived) |access-date=December 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026152154/http://www.cac.cornell.edu/technologies/operating.aspx |archive-date=October 26, 2011 }}</ref>). Ewing released the software in October, and it became known as the Halloween release. Young bought Ewing's business in 1995,{{Clarify|date=April 2013}} and the two merged to become Red Hat Software, with Young serving as [[chief executive officer]] (CEO).

Red Hat [[Initial public offering|went public]] on August 11, 1999, achieving—at the time—the eighth-biggest first-day gain in the history of [[Wall Street]].<ref name=history>{{cite web|access-date=October 29, 2008|url=http://www.redhat.com/about/company/history.html|title=Red Hat History |publisher=Red Hat }}</ref> [[Matthew Szulik]] succeeded [[Bob Young (businessman)|Bob Young]] as CEO in December of that year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/4abf87fc-28db-11da-8a5e-00000e2511c8.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/4abf87fc-28db-11da-8a5e-00000e2511c8.html |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=FT.com|newspaper=Financial Times |date=September 19, 2005}}</ref> [[Bob Young (businessman)|Bob Young]] went on to found the online [[print on demand]] and [[self-publishing]] company, [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]] in 2002.

On November 15, 1999, Red Hat acquired [[Cygnus Solutions]]. Cygnus provided commercial support for [[free software]] and housed maintainers of [[GNU]] software products such as the [[GNU Debugger]] and [[GNU Binutils]]. One of the founders of Cygnus, [[Michael Tiemann]], became the [[chief technical officer]] of Red Hat and {{As of|2008|alt= by 2008}} the vice president of open-source affairs. Later Red Hat acquired WireSpeed, [[C2Net]], Hell's Kitchen Systems, and Akopia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crn.com/news/channel-programs/18806277/red-hat-buys-hells-kitchen.htm |title=Red Hat Buys Hell's Kitchen |author=Vincent Randazzese |website=CRN |date=January 5, 2000 |access-date=August 1, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606205909/http://www.crn.com/news/channel-programs/18806277/red-hat-buys-hells-kitchen.htm |archive-date=June 6, 2011 }} </ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Joyce |first1=Amy |title=Reston's Akopia Agrees to Acquisition by N.C. Firm |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2001/02/05/restons-akopia-agrees-to-acquisition-by-nc-firm/3eab8ad6-d2bf-45d9-9a8e-0640430bfc28/ |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref>

In February 2000, ''[[InfoWorld]]'' awarded Red Hat its fourth consecutive "Operating System Product of the Year" award for Red Hat Linux 6.1.<ref>{{cite web|title=InfoWorld Volume 22 Issue 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDkEAAAAMBAJ&q=InfoWorld%20product%20of%20the%20year%202000&pg=PA44|access-date=September 24, 2015|page=44|date=January 17, 2000|publisher=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.}}</ref> Red Hat acquired Planning Technologies, Inc. in 2001 and [[AOL]]'s [[iPlanet]] directory and certificate-server software in 2004.

Red Hat moved its headquarters from [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]] to [[North Carolina State University]]'s [[Centennial Campus]] in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] in February 2002. In the following month Red Hat introduced Red Hat Linux Advanced Server,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.redhat.com/about/presscenter/2002/press_advserver.html| title=Red Hat Accelerates UNIX-to-LINUX Migration by Announcing the First Enterprise-Class Linux Operating System| publisher=Red Hat| date=March 26, 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last = Boulton| first = Clint| title = Red Hat Touts Linux Over Unix with New OS| url = http://www.internetnews.com/ent-news/article.php/998261| access-date = May 13, 2009| work = InternetNews.com| date = March 26, 2002}}</ref> later renamed [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] (RHEL). [[Dell]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.dell.com/content/topics/global.aspx/sitelets/solutions/software/os/red_hat| title=Dell and Red Hat alliance| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202181356/http://www.dell.com/content/topics/global.aspx/sitelets/solutions/software/os/red_hat| archive-date=December 2, 2008| df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[IBM]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www-03.ibm.com/linux/va_4010.shtml| title=IBM Linux Portal – Red Hat| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212123424/https://www-03.ibm.com/linux/va_4010.shtml| archive-date=February 12, 2008}}</ref> [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/cache/321114-0-0-0-121.html| title=HP Open source and Linux| access-date=December 20, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217155819/http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/cache/321114-0-0-0-121.html| archive-date=December 17, 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Oracle Corporation]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://practical-tech.com/2006/10/25/oracle-adopts-red-hat-linux-as-its-own/| title=Oracle adopts Red Hat Linux as its own| date=October 25, 2006}}</ref> announced their support of the platform.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.redhat.com/partners/partnerspotlight/| title=Premier Partner Spotlight| access-date=December 20, 2008| archive-date=January 8, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108155759/http://www.redhat.com/partners/partnerspotlight/| url-status=dead}}</ref>

In December 2005, ''CIO Insight'' magazine conducted its annual "Vendor Value Survey", in which Red Hat ranked #1 in value for the second year in a row.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.redhat.com/f/pdf/sec/CIO_research5_1205.pdf| title=Vendor Value| publisher=CIO Insight| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304082911/https://www.redhat.com/f/pdf/sec/CIO_research5_1205.pdf| archive-date=March 4, 2009}}</ref> Red Hat stock became part of the [[NASDAQ-100]] on December 19, 2005.

Red Hat acquired open-source middleware provider JBoss on June 5, 2006, and JBoss became a division of Red Hat. On September 18, 2006, Red Hat released the Red Hat Application Stack, which integrated the JBoss technology and which was certified by other well-known software vendors.<ref>{{cite web| last = LaMonica| first = Martin| title = Red Hat expands 'stack' with JBoss| url = http://news.cnet.com/Red-Hat-expands-stack-with-JBoss/2100-7344_3-6116186.html| access-date = May 13, 2009| work = CNet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last = Loftus| first = Jack| title = Now shipping: Red Hat-JBoss application stack| url = http://searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid39_gci1216411,00.html| access-date = May 13, 2009| work = SearchEnterpriseLinux.com| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090722180719/http://searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid39_gci1216411,00.html| archive-date = July 22, 2009| url-status = dead}}</ref> On December 12, 2006, Red Hat stock moved from trading on [[NASDAQ]] (RHAT) to the [[New York Stock Exchange]] (RHT). In 2007 Red Hat acquired [[MetaMatrix]] and made an agreement with Exadel to distribute its software.

On March 15, 2007, Red Hat released Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and in June acquired [[Mobicents]]. On March 13, 2008, Red Hat acquired Amentra, a provider of systems integration services for [[service-oriented architecture]], [[business process management]], [[systems development]], and enterprise data services.

On July 27, 2009, Red Hat replaced [[CIT Group]] in [[S&P 500|Standard and Poor's 500 stock index]], a diversified index of 500 leading companies of the U.S. economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://press.redhat.com/2009/07/27/red-hat-included-in-sampp-500-index/|title=Red Hat Included in S&P 500 Index|publisher=Red Hat Press Release}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.standardandpoors.com/portal/site/sp/en/us/page.topic/indices_500/2,3,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,2,3,0,8,0,0,0.html |title=List of S&P 500 Companies |publisher=.standardandpoors.com |access-date=December 21, 2009}}</ref> This was reported as a major milestone for Linux.<ref>{{cite web |last=Michael |first=Sean |url=http://blog.internetnews.com/skerner/2009/07/red-hat-joins-sp-500-a-sign-of.html |title=Red Hat on the S&P 500 is a sign of Linux maturity |publisher=Blog.internetnews.com |date=July 20, 2009 |access-date=December 21, 2009 |archive-date=July 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724153029/http://blog.internetnews.com/skerner/2009/07/red-hat-joins-sp-500-a-sign-of.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://linux.slashdot.org/story/09/07/18/1327248/Red-Hat-Is-Now-Part-of-the-SampP-500|title=Red Hat Is Now Part of the S&P 500|date=July 18, 2009 |publisher=[[Slashdot]]}}</ref>

On December 15, 2009, it was reported that Red Hat will pay {{US$|8.8&nbsp;million}} to settle a class action lawsuit related to the restatement of financial results from July 2004. The suit had been pending in the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina|U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina]]. Red Hat reached the proposed settlement agreement and recorded a one-time charge of {{US$|8.8&nbsp;million}} for the quarter that ended Nov. 30.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.boston.com/business/articles/2009/12/15/red_hat_to_pay_88m_to_settle_class_action_suit|title=Red Hat to pay $8.8M to settle class action suit |publisher=Boston.com}}</ref>

On January 10, 2011, Red Hat announced that it would expand its headquarters in two phases, adding 540 employees to the Raleigh operation, and investing over {{US$|109&nbsp;million}}. The state of North Carolina is offering up to {{US$|15&nbsp;million}} in incentives. The second phase involves "expansion into new technologies such as software virtualization and technology cloud offerings".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.advfn.com/nyse/StockNews.asp?stocknews=RHT&article=45958222 |title=Expansion of Headquarters in North Carolina.| access-date=November 6, 2013}}</ref>

{{multiple image
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On August 25, 2011, Red Hat announced it would move about 600 employees from the [[Centennial Campus of North Carolina State University|N.C. State Centennial Campus]] to the [[Two Progress Plaza]] building.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/2011/08/26/1437148/red-hat-to-move-to-citys-center.html|title=Red Hat will move to downtown Raleigh|last=Bracken|first=David|work=[[News and Observer]]|date=August 26, 2011|access-date=August 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122031221/https://www.newsobserver.com/2011/08/26/1437148/red-hat-to-move-to-citys-center.html|archive-date=November 22, 2011}}</ref> A ribbon cutting ceremony was held on June 24, 2013, in the re-branded Red Hat Headquarters.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/2013/06/24/2986664/red-hat-workers-bring-energy-to.html|title=Red Hat workers bring energy to new downtown Raleigh headquarters|last=Ranii|first=David|work=[[News and Observer]]|date=June 24, 2013|access-date=August 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210194507/http://www.newsobserver.com/2013/06/24/2986664/red-hat-workers-bring-energy-to.html|archive-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref>

In 2012, Red Hat became the first one-billion dollar open-source company, reaching {{US$|1.13&nbsp;billion}} in annual revenue during its fiscal year.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/development/open-source/232700454| title=Red Hat: First $1 Billion Open Source Company| last=Babock| first=Charles| work=[[InformationWeek]]| date=March 29, 2012| access-date=March 29, 2012| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706142025/http://www.informationweek.com/news/development/open-source/232700454| archive-date=July 6, 2012}}</ref> Red Hat passed the $2 billion benchmark in 2015. {{As of|February 2018}} the company's annual revenue was nearly $3 billion.<ref>{{cite web| title = Red Hat Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2018 Results| work = redhat.com| access-date = April 8, 2018| date = March 26, 2018| url = https://investors.redhat.com/news-and-events/press-releases/2018/03-26-2018-211600973}}</ref>

On October 16, 2015, Red Hat announced its acquisition of IT automation startup [[Ansible (software)|Ansible]], rumored for an estimated US$100 million.<ref>{{cite web|title = Red Hat Is Buying IT Automation Startup Ansible, Reportedly For Around $100M|url = https://techcrunch.com/2015/10/16/red-hat-is-buying-it-automation-startup-ansible-reportedly-for-around-100m/|website = TechCrunch|access-date = October 16, 2015|first = Ingrid|last = Lunden| date=October 16, 2015 }}</ref>

In June 2017, Red Hat announced Red Hat [[Hyper-converged infrastructure|Hyperconverged]] Infrastructure (RHHI) 1.0 software product.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/introducing-red-hat-hyperconverged-infrastructure-10|title=Introducing Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure 1.0|website=Red Hat |date=June 22, 2017 |first1=Colleen |last1=Corrice |first2=Steve |last2=Bohac }}</ref>

In May 2018, Red Hat acquired [[CoreOS]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/heres-what-happens-to-coreos-now-that-red-hat-owns-it/ |date=May 9, 2018 |title=Here's what happens to CoreOS now that Red Hat owns it|last=Vaughan-Nichols|first=Steven J.|work=ZDNet|access-date=October 28, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

Red Hat's links to Israel's military and professed support for Israel have also led to some controversy and calls for boycott during the ongoing conflict in Gaza.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/support-our-israel-associates |website=Red Hat |date=October 12, 2023 |first1=Matt |last1=Hicks | title=Support for our Israel associates }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.waterford-news.ie/news/setu-staff-call-to-sever-ties-with-red-hat-over-idf-links_arid-17270.html | title=SETU staff call to sever ties with Red Hat over IDF links |website= Waterford News & Star |first1=Caroline |last1=Spencer |date=29 May 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thejournal.ie/croke-park-red-hat-israeli-linked-company-summit-postponed-6487616-Sep2024/ |website=The Journal |first1=Diarmuid |last1=Pepper | title=Summit hosted by US company with ties to Israel, due to be held in Croke Park, has been postponed | date=September 13, 2024 }}</ref>

=== IBM subsidiary ===
On October 28, 2018, [[IBM]] announced its intent to acquire Red Hat for US$34 billion, in one of its largest-ever acquisitions. The company will operate out of IBM's Hybrid Cloud division.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/28/18035086/ibm-red-hat-acquisition-open-source-cloud-software-company |date=Oct 28, 2018 |first1=Andrew |last1=Liptak |title=IBM will acquire open-source cloud software company Red Hat|work=The Verge|access-date=October 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/28/ibm-is-reportedly-nearing-deal-to-acquire-red-hat.html|title=IBM to acquire Red Hat in deal valued at $34 billion|last1=Kolodny|first1=Lora |first2=Alex |last2=Sherman |date=October 28, 2018|work=CNBC|access-date=October 28, 2018}}</ref>

Six months later, on May 3, 2019, the US Department of Justice concluded its review of IBM's proposed Red Hat acquisition,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/51143/000110465919026947/a19-9325_28k.htm|title=International Business Machines Corporation|last=United States Securities and Exchange Commission|website=Form 8-K Current Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603190452/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/51143/000110465919026947/a19-9325_28k.htm|archive-date=June 3, 2019|access-date=June 3, 2019|url-status=live }}</ref> and according to Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols "essentially approved the IBM/Red Hat deal".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/ibms-red-hat-acquisition-moves-forward/|title=IBM's Red Hat acquisition moves forward|last=Vaughan-Nichols|first=Steven J.|website=ZDNet|language=en|access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref> The acquisition was closed on July 9, 2019.<ref>{{Cite press release|url=https://www.redhat.com/en/about/press-releases/ibm-closes-landmark-acquisition-red-hat-34-billion-defines-open-hybrid-cloud-future?intcmp=701f20000012s5PAAQ|title=IBM Closes Landmark Acquisition of Red Hat for $34 Billion; Defines Open, Hybrid Cloud Future|publisher=Red Hat|date=July 9, 2019|language=en|access-date=July 9, 2019}}</ref>