Editing Ratzeburg (section)

==History==
[[File:Ratzeburg 1590.jpg|thumb|left|Ratzeburg, ca. 1590]]

The town was founded in the 11th century as Racisburg. The name is traditionally derived from the local [[Wends|Wendish]] ruler, Prince [[Ratibor (Polabian prince)|Ratibor]] of the [[Polabians (tribe)|Polabians]], who was nicknamed Ratse. In the year 1044 Christian missionaries under the leadership of the monk [[Ansverus]] came into the region and built a monastery. It was destroyed in a [[Slavic rebellion of 1066|pagan rebellion in 1066]]; the monks were stoned to death. Today monuments to the missionaries in two of the town's churches commemorate these events. Ansverus was canonised in the 12th century and his relics were entombed in the Ratzeburg cathedral.

[[Henry the Lion]] became the ruler of the town in 1143 and established a [[Diocese|bishopric]] in 1154. He was also responsible for the construction of the late [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] [[Cathedral]] (''Dom''), built in typical north German 'red-brick' style. Henry also prompted the construction of the similar-looking [[Lübeck Cathedral]] and [[Brunswick Cathedral|Brunswick Collegiate Church]] with his remains interred in the latter.

Since 1180 part of Ratzeburg diocesan area formed a [[Prince Bishopric]], whose ruler was sovereign and as such had a vote at the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]]. The [[Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg]] was the last state in [[Northern Germany]] remaining Catholic. After the 1550 death of its ruler Prince-Bishop [[Georg von Blumenthal]], who feuded with [[Thomas Aderpul]], the bishopric converted to [[Lutheranism]] in 1554.

Though the town of Ratzeburg was part of the Ratzeburg diocese, the town itself was not within the territory of the Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg, but formed a part of the old [[Duchy of Saxony]] and became part of its dynastic partition of [[Saxe-Lauenburg]] around 1296, remaining with this duchy under altering dynasties until 1876. The cathedral quarter again formed an [[sovereign immunity|immunity]] district ([[Domfreiheit]]; cf. also [[Liberty (division)|Liberty]]) to the prince-bishopric, secularised as a principality in 1648. In 1619 Saxe-Lauenburg's capital was moved from [[Lauenburg/Elbe|Lauenburg upon Elbe]] to Ratzeburg and remained there since. The town was almost completely destroyed in 1693, when [[Christian V of Denmark]] reduced Ratzeburg to rubble by [[bombardment]] in his unsuccessful attempt to push through his succession to the dukedom against the prevailing [[House of Hanover]]. After this event Ratzeburg was rebuilt in [[baroque architecture|baroque]] style. The castle, however, was never reconstructed or built anew.

Ratzeburg briefly was part of the [[First French Empire]] during the [[Napoleonic Wars]], afterwards the Duchy of (Saxe-)Lauenburg was awarded in [[personal union]] to the [[Danish monarchy|Danish crown]] in the [[Congress of Vienna]]. After the Danish crown lost Lauenburg in the [[Second Schleswig War]] (1864), Lauenburg's [[estates of the realm]] offered the dukedom to the Prussian [[Hohenzollern]] dynasty in personal union, who accepted in 1865. On 1 July 1876 the Duchy of Lauenburg merged into the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]'s [[Province of Schleswig-Holstein]], forming the still existing district [[Herzogtum Lauenburg]] (Duchy of Lauenburg) seated in Ratzeburg. The former cathedral immunity district, at last a part of [[Mecklenburg]], finally became part of the town of Ratzeburg with the 1937 [[Greater Hamburg Act]].

From 1945 to 1989 the [[Iron Curtain]] ran just east of the town, putting it on the border with the [[German Democratic Republic]].