Editing Ramen (section)

==Etymology==
[[File:Ramen 1928.jpg|thumb|alt=From Seiichi Yoshida, How to Prepare Delicious and Economical Chinese Dishes (1928).|From Seiichi Yoshida, ''How to Prepare Delicious and Economical Chinese Dishes'' (1928)]]
The word ''ramen'' is a Japanese version of borrowing of the [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]] ''[[lamian]]'' ({{lang|zh-Hant|拉麵}}, 'pulled noodles').<ref name="ramanfor">{{cite web |last=Urie |first=Chris |date=October 31, 2017 |title=Unearth the secrets of ramen at Japan's ramen museum |url=https://eatsiptrip.10best.com/2017/10/31/unearth-the-secrets-of-ramen-at-japans-ramen-museum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628204938/https://eatsiptrip.10best.com/2017/10/31/unearth-the-secrets-of-ramen-at-japans-ramen-museum/ |archive-date=28 June 2018 |access-date=7 March 2018 |website=Eat Sip Trip}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/kodanshaencyclop0000koda|title=Kodansha encyclopedia of Japan, Volume 6|publisher=Kodansha|year=1983|isbn=978-0-87011-626-1|edition=1st|location=Tokyo|page=283|url-access=registration}}</ref>

The word {{Nihongo||拉麺|ramen}} first appeared in Japan in Seiichi Yoshida's ''How to Prepare Delicious and Economical Chinese Dishes'' (1928).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yoshida|first=Seiichi|title = 美味しく経済的な支那料理の拵へ方 |trans-title = How to Prepare Delicious and Economical Chinese Dishes |publisher = Hakubunkan |date = 1928 |pages = 368–370 |url = https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1170640/1/206 |doi = 10.11501/1170640 |language = ja}}</ref> In the book, Yoshida describes how to make ''ramen'' using flour and ''[[kansui]]'', kneading it by hand, and stretching it with an illustration. He also states that ''ramen'' is better suited for soup or cold noodles than for baked noodles. In this case, however, ''ramen'' refers to Chinese noodles, not the dish. The first mention of ''ramen'' as a dish appears in Hatsuko Kuroda's ''Enjoyable Home Cooking'' (1947).<ref>{{Cite book|last = Kuroda |first = Hatsuko |title = 楽しい家庭料理 |publisher = Keihoku Shobo |date = 1947 |url = https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1065551 |doi = 10.11501/1065551 |page = 36 |language = ja }}</ref>

Early ramen or ramen-like dishes went by different names, such as {{Nihongo||南京そば|Nankin soba|{{lit|[[Nanjing]] noodles|lk=yes}}}}, {{Nihongo||支那そば|Shina soba|{{lit|Chinese noodles|lk=yes}}}} or {{Nihongo||中華そば|Chūka soba|{{lit|Chinese noodles|lk=yes}}}}.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Media |first=USEN |title=Indespensable Knowledge For Every Ramen Lover! A Glossary with Shop Recommendations |url=https://savorjapan.com/contents/discover-oishii-japan/indespensable-knowledge-for-every-ramen-lover-a-glossary-with-shop-recommendations/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=SAVOR JAPAN |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kushner |first=Barak |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/810924622 |title=Slurp! : a social and culinary history of ramen – Japan's favorite noodle soup |date=2012 |publisher=Global Oriental |isbn=978-90-04-22098-0 |location=Leiden |oclc=810924622}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Part 1: China Origin |url=https://www.ramen-culture.com/history-pt1 |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Ramen Culture |language=en-US |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720132155/https://www.ramen-culture.com/history-pt1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> For example, in 1903, in [[Yokohama Chinatown]] (then known as Nanjing Town), there was a {{Nihongo|Nanjing noodle restaurant|南京蕎麦所|Nankin soba dokoro}}.<ref>{{Cite book|editor  = Yokohama Shinposha |title = 横浜繁昌記 : 附・神奈川県紳士録 |trans-title = Yokohama Prosperity Book : Appendix, Kanagawa Prefecture Gentlemen's Record |publisher = Yokohama Shinposha |date = June 1903 |url = https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/764453 |doi = 10.11501/764453 |page = 138 |language = ja |author1 = 横浜新報社 }}</ref>

Until the 1950s, ramen was most commonly called {{lang|ja-latn|Shina soba}}, but today {{lang|ja-latn|Chūka soba}} or just {{lang|ja-latn|ramen}} ({{lang|ja|ラーメン}}) are more common, as the word {{lang|ja|支那}} ({{lang|ja-latn|Shina}}, meaning 'China') has acquired a pejorative connotation through its association with anti-Chinese racism and Japanese imperialism.<ref name="Cwiertka">{{Cite book|last=Cwiertka|first=Katarzyna Joanna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oK-7LOlWNpEC&pg=PA144|title=Modern Japanese cuisine: food, power and national identity|publisher=Reaktion Books|year=2006|isbn=978-1-86189-298-0|page=144|quote=However, ''Shina soba'' acquired the status of 'national' dish in Japan under a different name: ''rāmen''. The change of name from ''Shina soba'' to ''rāmen'' took place during the 1950s and '60s. The word ''Shina'', used historically in reference to China, acquired a pejorative connotation through its association with Japanese imperialist association in Asia and was replaced with the word ''Chūka'', which derived from the Chinese name for the People's Republic. For a while, the term ''Chūka soba'' was used, but ultimately the name ''rāmen'' caught on, inspired by the chicken-flavored instant version of the dish that went on sale in 1958 and spread nationwide in no time.}}</ref>