Editing Rafting (section)

== Equipment ==
Rafting equipment has continuously evolved and developed significantly from old rubber WW II era military surplus rafts. Modern whitewater rafts are typically made with advanced nylon or [[Kevlar]] infused plastics like PVC or urethane; though many of the more entry-level low-cost manufacturers still use a glued rubber. Plastic is generally more durable, longer-lasting, and just as easy to repair compared to older rubber rafts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raftingmag.com/rafting-magazine/raft-materials-and-manufacturers|title=Whitewater Raft Materials and Manufacturers|website=Rafting Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>

Paddles and oars are the typical means of propulsion for rafts and come in many sizes and varieties with specific river conditions in mind.

=== Paddles ===
Paddles are a combination of layered wood, plastic, aluminium, carbon fiber, or other advanced composites. There are many types and combinations of these materials with lower-end entry-level paddles being composed of cheap aluminum and plastic. Higher-end models are constructed of high-end composites and mostly utilized by professional rafting guides, raft racers, and expedition paddlers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raftingmag.com/rafting-magazine/basic-paddle-selection|title=Basic Paddle Selection|website=Rafting Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>

The basic paddle design for rafting consists of 3 parts:

* Single blade
* Shaft
* T-grip

Paddles are typically utilized by rafters in smaller and lower volume rivers where rocks and other hazards can damage larger oars. Paddles are typically used by guests on commercial trips as well since it is seen as a more engaging way to enjoy the river trip. When paddles are used in a raft it is referred to as "paddling" or "paddle guiding".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raftingmag.com/rafting-magazine/4-things-to-expect-from-your-first-rafting-trip|title=4 Things to Expect From Your First Rafting Trip|website=Rafting Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref>

=== Oars ===
Oars are commonly made from the same materials as paddles. Wood, plastic, aluminum, and carbon fiber. Oars are designed for several different rivers with slightly different blade shapes built to handle varying river conditions. Wooden oars are typically built as one solid piece to help retain strength and resilience of the oar while it is strained under a load. Composite or metallic oars typically are made in three parts:

* Blade
* Shaft
* Grip

All of these parts are interchangeable and can be upgraded and altered in many ways to make rowing more enjoyable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.raftingmag.com/rafting-magazine/basic-oar-selection|title=Basic Oar Selection|website=Rafting Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-26}}</ref> Oars are generally used on wider flatter rivers of higher volume to facilitate moving more efficiently across long slow-moving pools, though anglers will often use shorter oars on smaller rafts in low volume rivers to help them maintain an advantageous upstream position while anglers cast from the raft. When a raft utilizes oars it is called "rowing" though many people typically incorrectly refer to this as "oaring" or "oar framing", however, these terms are incorrect and often suggest inexperience when used in conversation with members of the rafting community. Oars typically use one of 2 systems to attach to the boat, but in either case, they interface with the boat through a large metallic frame strapped to the boat called an "oar frame". Oars connect to the frame by either a pin and clip system or a system called [[oarlock]]s. Either system connects to the frame via oar towers on either side of the frame.

==== Pins and clips ====
Pins are referred to as "thole pins"<ref>{{Cite web |title=thole pin |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803104004109 |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en |doi=10.1093/oi/authority.20110803104004109}}</ref> or "oar pins". A large metal clip attaches to the oar and clips onto the pin. The top of the pin has a rubber or plastic stopper that prevents the oar from slipping over the top of the pin. The bottom of the pin connects to an oar tower designed to hold the pin in place. This system is an older system, however, it is useful for certain types of river running; namely big, dangerous Class 5 rivers that require your oars to stay in place as much as possible.

==== Oarlocks ====
Oarlocks or simply "locks" are a more common form of attachment for oars as they allow the rower to "feather" the oar back and forth as they row making it easier on the person using the oars to continue downstream. Oarlocks look like a pin topped with a U-shaped metal flange.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-02 |title=Cord-Wrapped Oarlocks |url=https://smallboatsmonthly.com/article/chord-wrapped-oarlocks/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Small Boats Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> The oars slide into the gap between the U-shaped metal pieces and can be held in place with a plastic stopper called an oarlock. The oarlock allows the oar to maintain its position on the oar at a correct length for rowing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Collier |first=Zachary |date=2012-01-18 |title=Debating Oar Locks vs Pins and Clips |url=https://www.nwrafting.com/river-equipment/oar-locks-vs-pins-and-clips#:~:text=Oar%20locks%20are%20preferred%20by,a%20slightly%20more%20efficient%20stroke. |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Northwest Rafting Company |language=en-US}}</ref>