Editing Racial profiling (section)

==Justifications==
Those who argue in favor of racial profiling usually set some conditions for racial profiling to be justified, typically fairness, evidence-basedness and non-abusiveness.<ref name="Lever-2016">{{Cite book |last=Lever |first=Annabelle |title=Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Race |publisher=OUP |year=2016 |isbn=978-0190236953 |editor-last=Zack |edition=1st |pages=425–435 |chapter=Race and Racial Profiling}}</ref> Proponents of racial profiling generally argue that, if these conditions are met, it can be an efficient tool for [[crime prevention]] because it allows [[law enforcement]] to focus their efforts on groups that are according to [[crime statistics]] and [[correlates of crime]] more likely to commit crimes.<ref name="Risse and Zeckhauser-2004">{{Cite journal |last=Risse and Zeckhauser |date=2004 |title=Racial Profiling |url=https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-4963.2004.00009.x |journal=Philosophy & Public Affairs |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=131–170 |doi=10.1111/j.1088-4963.2004.00009.x}}</ref>

Mathias Risse and [[Richard Zeckhauser]] provide a [[Consequentialism|consequentialist]] analysis of racial profiling, weighing the benefits and costs against each other. They conclude that racial profiling is morally permissible because the harms done to the search subjects are fewer than the potential benefits for society in terms of security. Moreover, the (innocent) subjects themselves also benefit because they will live a safer environment overall.<ref name="Risse and Zeckhauser-2004" /> 

Risse and Zeckhauser conclude that the objections to racial profiling are not rooted in the practice per se but in background [[Social justice|injustice in our societies]]. Instead of banning racial profiling, they argue, efforts should be made to remedy [[Racial inequality in the United States|racial inequality]] in our societies.<ref name="Risse and Zeckhauser-2004" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Risse |first=Mathias |date=2007 |title=Racial profiling: A reply to two critics |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/0731129X.2007.9992207 |journal=Criminal Justice Ethics |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=4–19|doi=10.1080/0731129X.2007.9992207 |s2cid=144965055 }}</ref>