Editing Quercus kelloggii (section)

==Description==
[[File:Quercus kelloggii (bark leaf) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Leaf and bark]]

''Quercus kelloggii'' grows from one to several vertical roots which penetrate to bedrock, with large, laterally spreading roots extending off from vertical ones. It also has a number of surface roots.<ref name="FNA">{{eFloras|1|233501052|Quercus kelloggii|family=Fagaceae|first=Kevin C.|last=Nixon}}</ref> It can reproduce [[vegetative reproduction|vegetatively]] with new growth sprouting from the root crown after the tree is top-killed by [[wildfire]], [[logging]], [[frost]], or other events.<ref name="FEIS" /><ref name="FNA" /> While individual trees generally have a lifespan between 100 and 200 years, California black oak can live up to 500&nbsp;years.<ref name="FEIS" /><ref name="FNA" />

The tree typically grows from {{convert|9|–|25|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} in height and from {{cvt|0.3-1.4|m|ft|abbr=on|frac=2}} in diameter. Large trees may exceed {{cvt|36|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height and {{cvt|1.6|m|abbr=on}} diameter, with the record holder measuring {{Convert|124|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} tall and {{Convert|2.7|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} thick (in the [[Siskiyou National Forest]] in [[Oregon]]).<ref name=":022">{{Cite book |last1=Arno |first1=Stephen F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDD4DwAAQBAJ |title=Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees |last2=Hammerly |first2=Ramona P. |publisher=[[Mountaineers Books]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-68051-329-5 |edition=field guide |location=Seattle |pages=234–238 |language=en |oclc=1141235469 |orig-date=1977}}</ref> The species also grows in [[shrub]]by scrub-oak form on poor sites.<ref name="FEIS">{{FEIS |genus=Quercus |species=kelloggii |type=tree |last=Fryer |first=Janet L. |date=2007}}</ref> In open areas, the crown is broad and rounded, with lower branches nearly touching the ground or forming a browse line. In closed stands, the crown is narrow and slender in young trees and irregularly broad in old trees. Trunks are usually free of branches on the lower {{cvt|6|–|12|m|abbr=on}} in closed stands.<ref name="FEIS" /> Trunks are often forked, and usually decayed and hollow in older trees. The [[Bark (botany)|bark]] is thin and smooth in young trees, becoming thick, ridged, plate-like, and blackish with age.<ref name="FEIS" /><ref name=":022" />

The [[leaves]] are typically {{Convert|10-25|cm|frac=2|sp=us}} long and deeply lobed, usually into seven portions; they are red and velvety when young, turning yellow-green then orange-brown in autumn.<ref name=":022" /> Blooming late in spring, the species is [[monoecious]], with male flowers in [[catkins]] and females in leaf axils.<ref name="tktimb2">{{Cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLbAAwAAQBAJ |title=Trees & Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest |last2=Kuhlmann |first2=Ellen |date=2014 |publisher=[[Timber Press]] |isbn=978-1-60469-263-1 |edition=1st |location=Portland, OR |pages=195}}</ref> The [[acorn]]s are relatively large, from {{convert|2.5-4|cm|frac=4|abbr=on}} long<ref name=":022" /> and {{cvt|1.5|-|1.8|cm|frac=4}} wide.

=== Similar species ===
Its leaves (but not its fruit) appear very similar to several other members of the red oak section, including the red oak (''[[Quercus rubra]]'') and the black oak (''[[Quercus velutina]]'') found in eastern and central North America, despite being genetically separated from them for more than 20 million years.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

It hybridizes with ''[[Quercus wislizeni]]''.<ref name="tktimb2" />