Editing Quark (company) (section)

==History==
Quark was founded with $2,000 in 1981 in Denver, Colorado, U.S. Between 1981 and 1985, their primary products were [[Word Juggler]] and Catalyst.<ref name="Screenshots of Quark Catalyst">{{cite web |title=Quark Catalyst 3.0 Screen Shots |author-first=Nathan |author-last=Lineback |url=http://toastytech.com/guis/qcat.html}}</ref> Word Juggler was the first word processor on the Apple III. Catalyst was a program that was distributed bundled with the Apple IIe, and allowed users to run floppy disk–based applications from their hard drive. They also attempted a product line called "Quark Peripherals", but the market for storage devices at the time resulted in a huge financial loss. The devices released, the "QC10" and "QC20", were 10 and 20MB hard disk drives, respectively, that could be used with the [[Apple IIe]] or [[Apple IIc|IIc]], the [[Apple III|Apple ///]] or III+, or the Macintosh (notably, via the Macintosh's floppy disk drive port). The QC10 retailed for US$1,295.00 in October 1985.
{{multiple image|total_width=220|direction=vertical|image1=Quark logo 1980s.svg|caption1=Logo used {{circa|1987}} to {{circa|2000}}|image2=Quark logo early 2000s.svg|caption2=Logo used from {{circa|2000}} to 2005}}
In March 1987, Quark released [[QuarkXPress]] 1.0, which due to its precision quickly gained market share from [[Aldus PageMaker]]. With the release of QuarkXPress 3.0 in 1990, Quark quickly achieved a dominant position in the desktop publishing market and became the standard for desktop publishing. By the end of the 1990s, it had gathered a market share of around 90%.

In the late 1990s, Quark faced intense criticism for slow innovation cycles, high prices, and a poor response to customer needs. Therefore, many customers welcomed the release of [[Adobe InDesign]] in 1999 as a viable alternative. The release of [[Adobe Creative Suite]] in 2003, essentially including InDesign with Photoshop and Illustrator, resulted in ongoing market share loss for QuarkXPress.

As a result, under the new leadership of Raymond Schiavone, Quark started to refocus its resources towards the enterprise dynamic publishing market (now Content Automation), announcing a new strategy in March 2008.<ref name="The Content Wrangler">{{cite web|url=http://thecontentwrangler.com/2008/03/06/quark_announces_dynamic_publishing_solution_fills_much_needed_gaps_in_end_t/ |title=Quark Announces Dynamic Publishing Solution: Fills Much Needed Gaps in End-to-End Publishing Void |publisher=The Content Wrangler |access-date=2008-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-06 |title=The Content Wrangler » Blog Archive » Quark Announces Dynamic Publishing Solution: Fills Much Needed Gaps in End-to-End Publishing Void |url=http://thecontentwrangler.com/2008/03/06/quark_announces_dynamic_publishing_solution_fills_much_needed_gaps_in_end_t/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106223725/http://thecontentwrangler.com/2008/03/06/quark_announces_dynamic_publishing_solution_fills_much_needed_gaps_in_end_t/ |archive-date=2009-11-06 }}</ref>

Quark acquired A Lowly Apprentice Productions (ALAP), which provides extended technology for the publishing and graphic design industries, in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quark Buys ALAP |url=https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/quark_buys_alap |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=The Mac Observer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=Quark Acquires a Lowly Apprentice Productions |url=https://adage.com/article/btob/quark-acquires-a-lowly-apprentice-productions/262449 |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=adage.com}}</ref>

In 2008, Quark Software acquired an XML editor vendor  In.vision Research Corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-08-05 |title=MacNN {{!}} Quark acquires In.vision for XML document handling |url=http://www.macnn.com/articles/08/07/17/quark.acquires.invision/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805133620/http://www.macnn.com/articles/08/07/17/quark.acquires.invision/ |archive-date=2008-08-05 }}</ref> It also acquired Gluon in 2010, a New Jersey–based software company that develops tools for the corporate and publishing industries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quark acquires hyperpublishing technology |url=https://www.bizcommunity.africa/Article/410/17/46487.html |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Bizcommunity |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

On May 29, 2012, Quark acquired Mobile IQ, with digital publishing technology for tablet devices named PressRun, later renamed to App Studio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Quark Acquires Mobile IQ for Enterprise Digital Publishing |url=http://www.pressrun.com/news/quark-acquires-mobile-iq-for-enterprise-digital-publishing/}}</ref>

In 2017, Quark acquired Docurated, a New York–based creator of sales and marketing software. for an undisclosed amount. Docurated’s CEO and founder Alex Gorbansky joined Quark’s executive team.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=Tamara Chuang {{!}} The Denver |date=2017-12-06 |title=Quark Software buys New York software firm that makes it easier to find documents in the cloud |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2017/12/06/quark-software-buys-docurated/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=The Denver Post |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2022 the company opened new offices in Birmingham, UK, and Dublin, Ireland.

Quark was listed in 2023 UK’s Best Workplaces in Tech list<ref>{{Cite web |title=Working at Quark Software, Inc UK {{!}} Great Place To Work® UK |url=https://www.greatplacetowork.co.uk/certified-company/1574099 |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=www.greatplacetowork.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> and won Bronze Stevie Award in the Content Management Solution category in the 21st Annual American Business Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Product Management & New Product Awards {{!}} Stevie Awards |url=https://stevieawards.com/aba/product-management-new-product-awards |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=stevieawards.com}}</ref>

===Ownership and management===
Quark was founded under the name "Quark Engineering" in 1981 by [[Tim Gill]] and Mark Pope.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/gill_t.html |title=social sciences - Gill, Tim |publisher=glbtq |date=1953-10-18 |access-date=2012-03-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309155042/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/gill_t.html |archive-date=2012-03-09 }}</ref> In 1986, Fred Ebrahimi joined Quark as CEO and co-owner. In 1990, Mark Pope sold his share of the company to the other partners. In 2000, Tim Gill left Quark and sold all his shares to Ebrahimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quark, CEO part ways |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2005/06/06/daily49.html |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref>
{{multiple image|total_width=220|direction=horizontal|image1=Quark logo 2005.svg|caption1=Logo used from 2005<ref>{{cite web | last=Vit | first=Armin | date=September 11, 2005 | url=https://www.underconsideration.com/speakup/archives/002412.html | title=Quark Reloaded | work=Speak Up | publisher=UnderConsideration}}</ref> to 2006|image2=Quark Inc..svg|caption2=Logo used from 2006<ref>{{cite web | last=Staff writers | date=March 16, 2006 | url=https://creativepro.com/a-new-new-logo-quark/ | title=A New, New Logo for Quark | work=CreativePro}}</ref> to 2017}}
In keeping with its India focus, Quark appointed Kamar Aulakh, a Quark veteran of Indian origin, as its CEO in February 2004. In June 2005, Quark informed its employees that Aulakh was no longer with the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/Quark-CEO-abruptly-leaves-post/2100-1014_3-5739235.html?tag=nefd.top |title=Quark CEO abruptly leaves post - CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-05 |title=Quark CEO abruptly leaves post - CNET News |url=http://news.cnet.com/Quark-CEO-abruptly-leaves-post/2100-1014_3-5739235.html |access-date=2023-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105172300/http://news.cnet.com/Quark-CEO-abruptly-leaves-post/2100-1014_3-5739235.html |archive-date=2012-11-05 }}</ref>

At the end of 2006, Fred Ebrahimi gave all his shares of Quark Inc. to his children, with his daughter Sasha Ebrahimi taking the position of chairman.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://denver.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2009/03/09/story6.html?b=1236571200^1789592 |title=Software firm Quark rebounds, tries for innovator status again - Denver Business Journal |publisher=Denver.bizjournals.com |date= 2009-03-08|access-date=2012-03-15 |first=Greg |last=Avery}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-28 |title=Software firm Quark rebounds, tries for innovator status again - Denver Business Journal |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2009/03/09/story6.html?b=1236571200%5E1789592 |access-date=2023-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928063317/https://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2009/03/09/story6.html?b=1236571200%5E1789592 |archive-date=2012-09-28 }}</ref>

On November 1, 2006, Quark appointed Raymond Schiavone, former CEO of [[Arbortext]], as its new CEO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quark names new CEO |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/2006-11-01-quark-names-new-ceo.html |access-date=2022-07-14 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schiavone to Lead Quark Inc. {{!}} ClarkNet, the Clark School of Engineering Administrative Web Portal |url=https://clarknet.eng.umd.edu/news/news_story.php?id=993 |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=clarknet.eng.umd.edu}}</ref>

On August 9, 2011, the Ebrahimi family sold all their shares to [[Platinum Equity]], a California-based private equity firm.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dove |first=Jackie |url=http://www.macworld.com/article/161580/2011/08/quarksale.html |title=Quark sold to merger and acquisition company |publisher=Macworld |access-date=2012-03-15}}</ref>
[[File:Quark logo 2017.svg|thumb|Logo used from 2017 to 2021]]
Parallax Capital Partners subsequently acquired Quark Software Inc. from Platinum Equity on July 12, 2017, stating their intentions to invest in growing the company's new content automation business through organic growth and acquisitions.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chuang |first=Tamara |url=http://www.denverpost.com/2017/07/12/quark-software-new-owner/ |title=Denver-based Quark Software's move to artificial intelligence attracts new owner |publisher=Denver Post |access-date=2017-07-12}}</ref>

On June 1, 2021, Quark appointed Martin Owen, former SVP of Products at Erwin (now [[Quest Software]]), as its new CEO.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Owen |first=Martin |title=Council Post: How Leadership Councils Fuel Long-Lasting Relationships |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2023/08/17/how-leadership-councils-fuel-long-lasting-relationships/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>