Editing Protein primary structure (section)

== Formation ==

=== Biological ===
{{main|Translation (biology)}}
Amino acids are polymerised via peptide bonds to form a long [[Backbone chain|backbone]], with the different amino acid side chains protruding along it. In biological systems, proteins are produced during [[Translation (biology)|translation]] by a cell's [[ribosome]]s. Some organisms can also make short peptides by [[Nonribosomal peptide|non-ribosomal peptide synthesis]], which often use amino acids other than the [[encoded amino acid|encoded]] 22, and may be cyclised, modified and cross-linked.

=== Chemical ===
{{Main|Peptide synthesis}}
Peptides can be [[Peptide synthesis|synthesised chemically]] via a range of laboratory methods. Chemical methods typically synthesise peptides in the opposite order (starting at the C-terminus) to biological protein synthesis (starting at the N-terminus).