Editing Prostate cancer (section)

== Signs and symptoms ==
Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. As the cancer advances, it may cause [[erectile dysfunction]], blood in the [[urine]] or [[semen]], or trouble urinating – commonly including frequent urination and slow or weak urine stream.<ref name=ACS-Signs/> More than half of men over age 50 experience some form of urination problem,{{sfn|Merriel|Funston|Hamilton|2018|loc="Symptoms and signs"}} typically due to issues other than prostate cancer such as [[benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate).<ref name=ACS-Signs/>

Advanced prostate tumors can [[metastasize]] to nearby lymph nodes and bones, particularly in the pelvis, hips, spine, ribs, head, and neck.{{sfn|Rebello|Oing|Knudsen|Loeb|2021|loc="Figure 3: Prostate cancer stages and progression"}} There they can cause [[fatigue]], unexplained weight loss, and back or bone pain that does not improve with rest.{{sfn|Coleman|Croucher|Padhani|Clézardin|2020|loc="Prevalence of SREs"}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/symptoms |access-date=21 May 2023 |title=Symptoms of Prostate Cancer |publisher=Cancer Research UK |date=15 March 2022 |archive-date=21 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521153936/https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/symptoms |url-status=live }}</ref> Metastases can damage the bones around them, and around a quarter of those with metastatic prostate cancer develop a [[bone fracture]].{{sfn|Coleman|Croucher|Padhani|Clézardin|2020|loc="Prostate cancer"}} Growing metastases can also [[Spinal cord compression|compress the spinal cord]] causing weakness in the legs and feet, or limb paralysis.{{sfn|Clinical Overview|2022|loc="Clinical presentation"}}{{sfn|Scher|Eastham|2022|loc="Metastatic disease: noncastrate"}}