Editing Prostaglandin (section)

== History and name ==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Ulf-von-Euler.gif|left|frame|Ulf von Euler, a Nobel laureate, discovered and named prostaglandin {{puic|Image:Image_name.ext|log=2008 April 2}}]] -->
Systematic studies of prostaglandins began in 1930, when Kurzrock and Lieb found that human seminal fluid caused either stimulation or relaxation of strips of isolated human uterus. They noted that uteri from patients who had gone through successful pregnancies responded to the fluid with relaxation, while uteri from sterile women responded with contraction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kurzrock |first1=Raphael |last2=Lieb |first2=Charles C. |title=Biochemical Studies of Human Semen. II. The Action of Semen on the Human Uterus |journal=Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine |date=1930 |volume=28 |issue=3 |page=268 |doi=10.3181/00379727-28-5265 |s2cid=85374636 }}</ref> The name ''prostaglandin'' derives from the [[prostate]] [[gland]], chosen when prostaglandin was first isolated from [[seminal fluid]] in 1935 by the Swedish [[physiology|physiologist]] [[Ulf von Euler]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Von Euler US |title=Über die spezifische blutdrucksenkende Substanz des menschlichen Prostata- und Samenblasensekrets |trans-title=On the specific blood-pressure-reducing substance of human prostate and seminal vesicle secretions |journal=Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift |volume=14 |issue=33 |pages=1182–1183 |year=1935 |doi=10.1007/BF01778029|s2cid=38622866 }}</ref> and independently by the Irish-English physiologist Maurice Walter Goldblatt (1895–1967).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goldblatt MW | title = Properties of human seminal plasma | journal = The Journal of Physiology | volume = 84 | issue = 2 | pages = 208–18 | date = May 1935 | pmid = 16994667 | pmc = 1394818 | doi =  10.1113/jphysiol.1935.sp003269| url = http://www.jphysiol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16994667 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Rubinstein |editor1-first=William D. |editor2-last=Jolles |editor2-first=Michael A. |editor3-last=Rubinstein |editor3-first=Hillary L. |title=The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History |date=2011 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Basingstoke, England |page=333 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_T_HCg17ufIC&pg=PA333 |chapter=Goldblatt, Maurice Walter|isbn=978-0-230-30466-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=R.S.F.S. |title=Obituary Notices: M. W. Goldblatt |journal=British Medical Journal |date=3 June 1967 |volume=2 |issue=5552 |page=644 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5552.644 |s2cid=220151673 |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/2/5552/644}}</ref> Prostaglandins were believed to be part of the prostatic secretions, and eventually were discovered to be produced by the [[seminal vesicles]]. Later, it was shown that many other tissues secrete prostaglandins and that they perform a variety of functions. The first [[total synthesis|total syntheses]] of [[Prostaglandin F2alpha|prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub>]] and [[Prostaglandin E2|prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>]] were reported by [[Elias James Corey]] in 1969,<ref name="Nicolaou">{{cite book |title= Classics in Total Synthesis|url= https://archive.org/details/classicstotalmet00kcni|url-access= limited| vauthors = Nicolaou KC, Sorensen EJ |author-link=K. C. Nicolaou |year= 1996|publisher= VCH|location= Weinheim, Germany|isbn= 3-527-29284-5|page= [https://archive.org/details/classicstotalmet00kcni/page/n90 65] }}</ref> an achievement for which he was awarded the [[Japan Prize]] in 1989.

In 1971, it was determined that [[aspirin]]-like drugs could inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. The [[biochemist]]s [[Sune K. Bergström]], [[Bengt I. Samuelsson]] and [[John R. Vane]] jointly received the 1982 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for their research on prostaglandins.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}