Editing Proso millet (section)

== Evolutionary history ==
''Panicum miliaceum'' is a [[tetraploid]] species with a base chromosome number of 18, twice the base chromosome number of [[diploid]] species within its genus ''[[Panicum]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aliscioni |first1=Sandra S. |last2=Giussani |first2=Liliana M. |last3=Zuloaga |first3=Fernando O. |last4=Kellogg |first4=Elizabeth A. |title=A molecular phylogeny of ''Panicum'' (Poaceae: Paniceae): tests of monophyly and phylogenetic placement within the Panicoideae |journal= [[American Journal of Botany]] |date=May 2003 |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=796–821 |doi=10.3732/ajb.90.5.796 |pmid=21659176}}</ref> The species appears to be an [[allotetraploid]] resulting from a wide hybrid between two different diploid ancestors.<ref name=reticulateevolution>{{cite journal |last1=Hunt |first1=H. V. |last2=Badakshi |first2=F. |last3=Romanova |first3=O. |last4=Howe |first4=C. J. |last5=Jones |first5=M. K. |last6=Heslop-Harrison |first6=J. S. P. |display-authors=3|title=Reticulate evolution in ''Panicum'' (Poaceae): the origin of tetraploid broomcorn millet, ''P. miliaceum'' |journal= [[Journal of Experimental Botany]] |date=10 April 2014 |volume=65 |issue=12 |pages=3165–3175 |doi=10.1093/jxb/eru161|pmid=24723408 |pmc=4071833 }}</ref> One of the two subgenomes within proso millet appears to have come from either ''[[Panicum capillare|P. capillare]]'' or a close relative of that species. The second subgenome does not show close homology to any known diploid ''Panicum'' species, but some unknown diploid ancestor apparently also contributed a copy of its genome to a separate [[allotetraploid]] species ''[[Panicum repens|P. repens]]'' (torpedo grass).<ref name=reticulateevolution/> The two subgenomes within proso millet are estimated to have diverged 5.6 million years ago.<ref name=prosogenome>{{cite journal |last1=Zou |first1=Changsong |last2=Li |first2=Leiting |last3=Miki |first3=Daisuke |last4=Li |first4=Delin |last5=Tang |first5=Qiming |last6=Xiao |first6=Lihong |last7=Rajput |first7=Santosh |last8=Deng |first8=Ping |last9=Peng |first9=Li |last10=Jia |first10=Wei |last11=Huang |first11=Ru |last12=Zhang |first12=Meiling |last13=Sun |first13=Yidan |last14=Hu |first14=Jiamin |last15=Fu |first15=Xing |last16=Schnable |first16=Patrick S. |last17=Chang |first17=Yuxiao |last18=Li |first18=Feng |last19=Zhang |first19=Hui |last20=Feng |first20=Baili |last21=Zhu |first21=Xinguang |last22=Liu |first22=Renyi |last23=Schnable |first23=James C. |last24=Zhu |first24=Jian-Kang |last25=Zhang |first25=Heng |display-authors=3|title=The genome of broomcorn millet |journal= [[Nature Communications]] |date=25 January 2019 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=436 |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-08409-5|pmid=30683860 |pmc=6347628 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10..436Z }}</ref> However, the species has experienced only limited amounts of fractionation and copies of most genes are still retained on both subgenomes.<ref name=prosogenome /> A sequenced version of the proso millet genome, estimated to be around 920 [[megabase]] pairs in size, was published in 2019.<ref name=prosogenome />