Editing Professional development (section)

== Participants ==
A wide variety of people, such as teachers, military officers and non-commissioned officers, health care professionals, architects, lawyers, accountants and engineers engage in professional development. Individuals may participate in professional development because of an interest in lifelong learning, a sense of moral obligation, to maintain and improve professional competence, to enhance career progression, to keep abreast of new technology and practices, or to comply with professional regulatory requirements.<ref>Golding, L. & Gray, I. (2006).''Continuing professional development for clinical psychologists:A practical handbook''. The British Psychological Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing</ref><ref>Jasper, M. (2006).''Professional development, reflection, and decision-making''. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.</ref> In the training of school staff in the United States, "[t]he need for professional development ... came to the forefront in the 1960s".<ref>{{cite book |last=Murphy-Latta |first=Terry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NuZDx8_yU9AC |title=A Comparative Study of Professional Development Utilizing the Missouri Commissioner's Award of Excellence and Indicators of Student Achievement |year=2008 |isbn=9780549489900 |page=19 |quote=Throughout the history of American education, numerous theories and issues have been emphasized as important factors in teaching and learning. The need for professional development for school staff came to the forefront in the 1960s. |access-date=2013-08-12 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Many American states have professional development requirements for school teachers. For example, Arkansas teachers must complete 60 hours of documented professional development activities annually.<ref>{{cite web|title=Professional Development and Renewal of Standard Teaching License|url=http://www.arkansased.org/teachers/prof_dev_renewal.html|website=ArkansasEd.org|publisher=Arkansas Department of Education|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430155048/http://arkansased.org/teachers/prof_dev_renewal.html|archive-date=30 April 2009}}</ref> Professional development credits are named differently from state to state. For example, teachers in Indiana are required to earn 90 Continuing Renewal Units (CRUs) per year;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teacher-world.com/certification/indiana-renewal.html |title=Indiana Certification Renewal &#124; Find Out How to Renew Indiana Teaching Certificates on |publisher=Teacher-world.com |access-date=2014-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928084139/http://www.teacher-world.com/certification/indiana-renewal.html |archive-date=2013-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in Massachusetts, teachers need 150 Professional Development Points (PDPs);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doe.mass.edu/recert/qa.html |title=Recertification Q and A - Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education |publisher=Doe.mass.edu |date=2014-02-03 |access-date=2014-03-20}}</ref> and in Georgia, teachers must earn 10 Professional Learning Units (PLUs).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teachersprofessionallearningunits.com/ga-certification-resources.php |title=Georgia Teacher Certification Information - Georgia PLU's Resources Online - GA Teaching License Resources |publisher=Teachersprofessionallearningunits.com |access-date=2014-03-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216171116/http://teachersprofessionallearningunits.com/ga-certification-resources.php |archive-date=2013-12-16 }}</ref> American and Canadian nurses, as well as those in the United Kingdom, have to participate in formal and informal professional development (earning credit based on attendance of education that has been accredited by a regulatory agency) in order to maintain professional registration.<ref>{{cite web|title=Continuing Competence|url=http://www.crnm.mb.ca/competence.php|website=College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531032351/http://www.crnm.mb.ca/competence.php|archive-date=31 May 2008|date=April 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Continuing Education|url=http://www.ndbon.org/education/continuing%20education/continuing%20education.shtml|website=North Dakota Board of Nursing|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207190359/http://www.ndbon.org/education/continuing%20education/continuing%20education.shtml|archive-date=7 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nmc-uk.org/ |title=The Nursing and Midwifery Council &#124; Nursing and Midwifery Council |publisher=Nmc-uk.org |date=2014-03-14 |access-date=2014-03-20}}</ref>